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SO > SO101-SENSOR THEORY > Flashcards

SO101-SENSOR THEORY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the EO spectrum?

A

It is the entire range of all possible frequencies/wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation.

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2
Q

What is the visual spectrum?

A

The electromagnetic waves that can be detected by the human eye.

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3
Q

How efficient is the human eye as it pertains to visible light?

A

Not very efficient, it has an efficiency of 1-5%

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4
Q

What spectrum do all EO sensors operate in?

A

The visible light spectrum.

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5
Q

What is within the infrared spectrum?

A

The gap between red light and microwaves. Its vey large.

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6
Q

What are the 5 sub-ranges of IR radiation?

A 
Ner Infrared
Short wavelength Infrared
Mid wavelength Infrared
Long wavelength Infrared
Far Infrared
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7
Q

How is Near Infrared(NIR) defined?

A

Its Water absorption properties and it is common use in fiver optic communication because of low attenuation losses in SiO2 glass (silica) fiber.

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8
Q

What is a common use for for NIR?

A

Dramatic effects in photography, NVGs, IR pointers, IR strobes, etc.

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9
Q

What is NIR’s range?

A

0.74-1.4

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10
Q

What operates in short wavelength IR(SWIR)?

A

Military laser designators operate in SWIR.

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11
Q

What is Mid Wavelength IR(MWIR) also known as?

A

Intermediate IR.

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12
Q

What operates in MWIR?

A

The MX series IR used on the AC-130

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13
Q

What temperatures can the MWIR sensors detect?

A

It can detect temperatures somewhat above body temperatures.

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14
Q

What is Long wavelength IR(LWIR)?

A

LWIR is similar to to microwave radiation and is a form of radiation emitted from within any material of any temperature above absolute 0.

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15
Q

Is LWIR a superior targeting system to MWIR?

A

Yes it is.

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16
Q

Can LWIR see through smoke? Can MWIR?

A

LWIR yes, MWIR no.

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17
Q

Whats more expensive MWIR or LWIR?

A

LWIR is more expensive.

18
Q

Examples of LWIR?

A

AC-130U’s AN/AAQ-26, LANTRIN 2000, and others.

19
Q

What is Far Infrared(FIR) used for?

A

It is used to detect explosive and chemical agents by infrared spectroscopy.

20
Q

Why do we need EO sensors?

A

Because they are 350 times more efficient than the human eye.

21
Q

How is electo optics defined?

A

The technology associated with those components,devices, and systems which are designed to interact between the electromagnetic(optical) and the electric(electronic) state.

22
Q

What is the key to visual imaging?

A

Detecting the differences in reflectance between the target and background objects.

23
Q

What utilizes CMOS technology?

A

The MX20EOW and EON sensors on the AC-130.

24
Q

When do EO sensors operate best?

A

In the daytime or bight night because they rely on existing light conditions.

25
Q

Can weather effect albedo(reflectance)?

A

Yes

26
Q

Are EO lenses made from glass?

A

No because glass is a poor transmitter in The infrared wavelengths.

27
Q

What is the heart of all imagers?

A

The detector.

28
Q

What is the general rule regarding white hot and black hot imagaing?

A

Use white hot to search and look for target detail in blackhot.

29
Q

Can IR sensor detect indirect or direct radiation or both?

A

It can detect both.

30
Q

What do hotter areas look like on the sensor?

A

The hotter areas emit more radiation and look lighter in color.

31
Q

How do Ocean areas tend to gain and lose heat?

A

Very slowly

32
Q

What is the relationship between clutter and the correct target?

A

The higher the clutter the harder it is to see the target and vice-versa.

33
Q

What are the three factors that effect the total power emanating from a contact?

A

Temperature, Emissivity and Area.

34
Q

What does sensor contrast rely on?

A

It relies on the difference in reflectivity between the target and the background.

35
Q

What is extinction?

A

The loss of EM energy as it leaves a target/background.

36
Q

What is absorption?

A

Absorption is the process by which EM energy is absorbed by atmospheric particles.

37
Q

What is scattering?

A

Scattering is the redirection of photons by molecules, aerosols, or other particles in the air.

38
Q

What are the two types of scattering and how do you define them?

A

Molecular scattering, which is when light is scattered by particles much smaller than the wavelength of the incident radiation.

Aerosol scattering; which is when large particles such as dust or smog scatters the light or thermal energy by reflection.

39
Q

What is scintillation?

A

It is the effect that causes stars to twinkle and happens when Ir radiation passes through a temperature variation.

40
Q

What is thermal crossover?

A

It is the point when the target and its background have reached the same temperature.

41
Q

How do you define sunrise?

A

The crossing of the visible horizon by the upper limb if the rising sun.

42
Q

How do you define sunset?

A

The crossing of the visible horizon by upper limb of the setting sun.

SO (6 decks)

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