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Emergencies > Snake Envenomation & Allergic Reactions > Flashcards

Snake Envenomation & Allergic Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

Allergic Reactions

A

Immune-mediated reactions

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2
Q

Snake Bite Call Screening

A
  • Time
  • Circumstance of the bite
  • Keep animal quite, go to nearest ER
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3
Q

Snake Bite “Dont’s”

A

Not recommended to
* apply tourniquet
* apply ice
* suck out the venom

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4
Q

Snake Bite

Prep Supplies

A
  • IV Catheter and Fluids
  • Antivenom
  • Analgesics
  • Tape Measure
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5
Q

Monitor with Snake Bites

A
  • Mentation
  • Vitals
  • Swelling
  • Urine Production
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6
Q

Snake Bite

Bloodwork

A
  • PCV / TP
  • Coagulation Panel
  • Platelets
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7
Q

Signs of Non-Poisonous Bite

A
  • Multi-toothed
  • Painless
  • Minimal local reaction
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8
Q

Non-Poisonous Bite

Treatment

A
  • Clip hair
  • Clean wound with antiseptic
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9
Q

Groups of Poisonous Snakes

A
  1. Pit Vipers
  2. Coral Snakes
  3. Colubrids
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10
Q

Pit Viper Bite

Severity Factors

A
  • Toxicity of symptoms
  • Volume of venom
  • Size and health of victim
  • Time between bite and treatment
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11
Q

Pit Viper

Appearance

A
  • Deep pit between eyes and nostril
  • Elliptical pupils
  • Retractable fangs
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12
Q

Pit Viper

Clinical Signs

A
  • Bleeding at puncture site
  • Pain immediately
  • Bruising on ventral surface
  • Petechia and Ecchymosis
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13
Q

Pit Vipor

Systemic Signs

A
  • Hypotension and Shock
  • Clotting issues
  • Lethargy
  • Muscle twitching / necrosis
  • Lymphangitis
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14
Q

Pit Vipor Bite Treatment

A
  • IV Fluids for hypotension and shock
  • Analgesia
  • Antivenom (antivenin)
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15
Q

Pit Vipor

Monitor BW

A

Active venom still present if:
* decreased platelets (run CBC)
* increased PT and PTT

Baseline Chemistry
* monitor kidney values (due to urine)

give more antivenin

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16
Q

Pit Vipor Bite

Monitor Urine

A

Check for hemoglobin
* myoglobin from muscle breakdown
* can lead to kidney failure

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17
Q

Coral Snake

Appearance

A
  • Fixed fangs
  • Red bands next to yellow
  • Black head
18
Q

Coral Snake Bite

Clinical Signs

A
  • Muscle tremors
  • Weakness
  • Difficuly swallowing
  • Pin point pupils
19
Q

Coral Snake Bite

Treatment

A
  • Antivenin
  • Oxygen
  • Caution for aspiration pneumonia
20
Q

Brown Recluse

Appearance

A

Violin-shaped marking on cephalothorax
* neck pointing towards abdomen

21
Q

Brown Recluse Bite

Clinical Signs

A
  • Bite starts as a “bullseye” type lesion
  • Possible hemolysis
  • Possible thrombocytopenia
22
Q

Brown Recluse Bite

Treatment

A
  • Cold compress
  • Monitor for hemolysis
  • Surgical intervention if ulcer from bite forms
23
Q

Black Widow Bite

Clinical Signs

A
  • Small puncture hole, “target” lesion
  • Minimal local reaction
24
Q

Black Widow Bite

Systemic Signs

A

Venom = neurotoxic
* regional numbness
* progressive muscle pain and restlessness
* possible seizures
* paralysis (early in cats)

25
Q

Black Widow Bite

Treatment

A
  • Antihistamines
  • Antivenin - given slowly IV
  • Ca Gluconate if no antivenin - given IV
  • Muscle relaxants
26
Q

Buffo Toads

Secretion

A

When agitated, release secretions from the parotid glands on dorsum of head and neck
* readily absorbed through mm and open wounds

27
Q

Buffo Toad

Symptoms (Initial)

A
  • Hallucinations
  • Cardiac issues
  • Neurotoxicity
  • Hyperemic mm
  • Salivating / Vomiting
  • Pawing at mouth
28
Q

Buffo Toad

Symptoms (Final)

A
  • Ataxia
  • Extensor rigidity
  • Seizure
  • Coma
  • Death
29
Q

Buffo Toad Treatment

Before Transport

A

Owner should rinse mouth 5-10 times

30
Q

Buffo Toad

BW Monitor

A

PCV and TP
* get hemoconcentrated quickly

31
Q

Buffo Toad Treatment

A
  • Valium first - for seizures
  • Intralipids
  • Anesthesia to control seizures and rinse mouth more
32
Q

Allergic Reactions

Screening Calls

A
  • Recent vaccine
  • Bumps / Hives on body
  • Face / Lips / Eyelids swollen
  • Vomiting
  • Itchy
  • Collapse
33
Q

Allergic Reaction

Prep Supplies

A
  • IV Fluids
  • Injectable antihistamines and steriods
34
Q

Allergic Reaction / Anaphylactic Shock

Signs

A
  • Restlessness
  • Diarrhea
  • Vomiting
  • Circulatory collapse
  • Seizures
  • Coma
35
Q

Allergic Reaction

Treatment

A
  • Epinephrine - IV for severe, SQ for mild
  • Oxygen once airway clear
  • IV fluids (LRS)
  • Antihistamine given IM
36
Q

Types of Immune Mediated Diseases

A

4 Different Classifications
* higher number (4) is more “intense” disease

37
Q

Type 1

Immune Mediated Disease

A

Anaphylaxis - seen with vaccine reactions and bug bites/stings
* release of histamines and other vasoactive substances

38
Q

Type 1 Symptoms

Vasodilation

A
  • increased HR
  • decreased BP
  • potential to cause shock

this is Distributive Shock

39
Q

Type 1 Symptoms

Increased Capillary Permeability

A
  • mostly in skin
  • appears as hives
40
Q

Type 1 Symtoms

Smooth Muslce Contractions

A
  • Lungs = collapse / difficult breathing
  • Intestines - vomiting and diarrhea

Emergencies (8 decks)

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