smut and bunt fungi in cereals

Question 1

important smut fungi species

Answer 1

ustiliago(means burn) smut, tilletia(after Tillett) bunts

, urocystis - flag smut

Question 2

wheat diseases

Answer 2

common bunt
dwarf bunt 
karnal bunt
flag smut 
loose smut

Question 3

Barley diseases

Answer 3

covered smut
false loose smut
loose smut

Question 4

oat diseases

Answer 4

covered smut

loose smut

Question 5

Loose smut cereals

Answer 5

the floral parts are replaced with black spores. then the spores are blown away or washed off

Question 6

Control of loose smut

Answer 6

resistance 
clean seed
roguing 
hot water treatment 
fungicide treatment

Question 7

Common bunt of wheat (covered smut)

Answer 7

wheat is principle host, especially winter wheat

rye and barley occasional host

Question 8

covered smut

Answer 8

bunt balls often larger than wheat kernels and are often easily broken and it releases brown or black powdery spores that have a fishy smell.
soil borne and seed borne.

Question 9

Dwarf bunt of wheat

Answer 9

wheat is mean host

plants are stunted

Question 10

Control of dwarf bunt in wheat

Answer 10

quaratine
certified seed
avoid seeding in infected soils 
seed early 
seed treatment

Question 11

Flag smut wheat

Answer 11

attack leaves and stem
long, raised streaks on leaves, awn, stem and sheaths
infected leaves don’t expand fully and remain rolled and twisted

Question 12

Control for flag smut wheat

Answer 12

quaratine
certified seed
seed treatment
avoiding more susceptible varities

Question 13

Karnal bunt of wheat

Answer 13

spread through contaminated seed or farm equipment as well as wind

Significant impact of yield and economic loss