SMRM

Question 1

1/8

Answer 1

0.125

Question 2

sqrt(1)

Answer 2

1

Question 3

sqrt(2)

Answer 3

1.41

Question 4

sqrt(3)

Answer 4

1.73

Question 5

sqrt(4)

Answer 5

2

Question 6

sqrt(5)

Answer 6

2.24

Question 7

sqrt(6)

Answer 7

2.45

Question 8

sqrt(7)

Answer 8

2.67

Question 9

sqrt(8)

Answer 9

2.83

Question 10

sqrt(9)

Answer 10

3

Question 11

sqrt(10)

Answer 11

3.16

Question 12

sqrt(11)

Answer 12

3.32

Question 13

sqrt(12)

Answer 13

3.46

Question 14

sqrt(13)

Answer 14

3.61

Question 15

sqrt(14)

Answer 15

3.74

Question 16

sqrt(15)

Answer 16

3.87

Question 17

deci

Answer 17

10^-1

Question 18

centi

Answer 18

10^-2

Question 19

milli

Answer 19

10^-3

Question 20

micro

Answer 20

10^-6

Question 21

nano

Answer 21

10^-9

Question 22

pico

Answer 22

10^-12

Question 23

femto

Answer 23

10^-15

Question 24

deca

Answer 24

10^1

Question 25

hecto

Answer 25

10^2

Question 26

kilo

Answer 26

10^3

Question 27

mega

Answer 27

10^6

Question 28

giga

Answer 28

10^9

Question 29

tetra

Answer 29

four measures

Question 30

sin(0)

Answer 30

0

Question 31

sin(30)

Answer 31

1/2

Question 32

sin(45)

Answer 32

sqrt(2)/2

Question 33

sin(60)

Answer 33

sqrt(3)/2

Question 34

sin(90)

Answer 34

1

Question 35

cos(0)

Answer 35

1

Question 36

cos(30)

Answer 36

sqrt(3)/2

Question 37

cos(45)

Answer 37

sqrt(2)/2

Question 38

cos(60)

Answer 38

1/2

Question 39

cos(90)

Answer 39

0

Question 40

cosecant

Answer 40

1/sin

Question 41

secant

Answer 41

1/cosine

Question 42

cotan

Answer 42

1/tan

Question 43

tangent

Answer 43

sin/cos

Question 44

pi radians

Answer 44

180 degrees

Question 45

distance

Answer 45

x=(1/2)at^2

Question 46

Force

Answer 46

F=Gmm/r^2 | F=ma

Question 47

velocity

Answer 47

v=sqrt(2gh)

Question 48

ideal gas

Answer 48

PV=nRT

Question 49

selection bias

Answer 49

method is not random, results are not representative

Question 50

types of selection bias

Answer 50

``` specific real area self-selection pre-screening exclusion healthy user Berkson's fallacy overmatching survivorship ```

Question 51

specific real area

Answer 51

neglecting a subset of the population that is not present

Question 52

self-selection

Answer 52

decision whether to participate

Question 53

pre-screening

Answer 53

choosing a subset to prove a hypothesis

Question 54

exclusion

Answer 54

keeping a subset out of the population

Question 55

healthy user

Answer 55

subset better off than the general population

Question 56

Berkson's fallacy

Answer 56

subset less healthy than general population (hospital)

Question 57

overmatching

Answer 57

correlation of data with a confounder as a result of exposure

Question 58

survivorship

Answer 58

only the remaining subjects are selected, neglecting those not left anymore

Question 59

observer bias

Answer 59

subject knows the goals and/or hypotheses of the study

Question 60

demand characteristics

Answer 60

formed interpretation of the purpose of the study

Question 61

information bias (two types)

Answer 61

wrong or inexact recording of variables measurement error: involves a continuous variable misclassification: categorical variable

Question 62

confounding variable

Answer 62

extraneous variable that influences the study variable | placebo effect: pt with a blank treatment experiences health benefits

Question 63

detection bias

Answer 63

systematic differences between groups in terms of treatment (doctor cares better for a test subject)

Question 64

experimenter bias (two types)

Answer 64

errors based on expectations confirmation bias: more likely to favor information that confirms the hypothesis and to ignore information that denies the hypothesis reporting bias: systematic difference in what information is reported

Question 65

accuracy

Answer 65

the degree to which a measurement conforms to the standard "correct" value systematic error

Question 66

precision

Answer 66

relates to the reproducibility or repeatability of the results random error

Question 67

reliability (two types)

Answer 67

results that are consistent and repeatable test-retest: test results are consistent over time inter-rater: degree of consensus among judges

Question 68

validity (two types)

Answer 68

test what it is meant to measure and is done under scientific standards external: generalizable, extrapolation internal: justifiable

Question 69

correlation

Answer 69

r^2 | amount of variance in y that is accounted for by x

Question 70

causation

Answer 70

one thing is found to be both necessary and sufficient to cause another VERY DIFFICULT TO PROVE

Question 71

Hill's criteria (9)

Answer 71

``` temporality strength consistency testable specificity plausibility dose-response relationship coherence analogy ```

Question 72

normal distribution

Answer 72

1SD: 68% 2SD: 95% 3SD: 99%

Question 73

probability

Answer 73

assumes outcomes are independent and mutually exclusive AND: multiply OR: add

Question 74

directional hypothesis testing

Answer 74

p>alpha, cannot reject Ho

Question 75

non-directional hypothesis testing

Answer 75

p>alpha/2, cannot reject Ho

Question 76

standard error of mean (SEM)

Answer 76

how precisely the mean represents the true population mean | decreases with increasing population size

Question 77

type I error

Answer 77

claimed different when none existed

Question 78

type II error

Answer 78

no claimed difference when one existed

Question 79

how do you deal with percentages in proportionality

Answer 79

convert to fractions

Question 80

distance

Answer 80

d=rt

Question 81

how is the density of air related to elevation?

Answer 81

density decreases with height

Question 82

is a bird a mammal

Answer 82

no

Question 83

how does a linear relationship change on a semilog plot

Answer 83

it becomes non-linear