Psych Flashcards
1
Q
conditioned reinforcer
A
has no value until paired with a primary reinforcer
2
Q
GABA works in
A
CNS
3
Q
petectum
A
control of pupillary light reflex
4
Q
somatosensation
A
touch, texture, pressure, pain, T
5
Q
parallel processing
A
visual world is processed in streams and then tied together
6
Q
typicality effect
A
using a typical example of a concept increases recall or verification rate
7
Q
what is the dominant hemisphere of someone who is right handed
A
left
8
Q
where does acetylcholine work
A
PNS and CNS
9
Q
is deep processing maintenance or elaborative?
A
elaborative
10
Q
heuristic judgements
A
unconscious determination of the source based on clues or shortcuts associated with the memory
11
Q
gestalt therapy
A
treatment of the individual as a whole
12
Q
what is hard to see in far-sighted
A
close
13
Q
learned behavior
A
predominantly environmental, learned through experience
14
Q
positive reinforcement
A
presenting something that makes a behavior more likely
15
Q
long term depression
A
persistent weakening of a synapse based on decreased activity
16
Q
unconditioned stimulus
A
naturally elicits a response
17
Q
examples of semantic memory
A
colors, alphabet, capitals
18
Q
risk factors for bipolar
A
MS and family
19
Q
what do schemas assume
A
assume similarities, characterize difference as exceptions
20
Q
serotonin works in the
A
CNS
21
Q
lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is part of the
A
thalamus
22
Q
olfactory cells
A
chemoreceptors
23
Q
controlled processing
A
requires active attention and effort, when repeated over a long period of time may become automatic
24
Q
do infants have more or less neurons than adults
A
same number
25
retroactive interference
new memories impact the recall of old ones
26
when does brain size peak
20s
27
personality disorders
enduring pattern of personal experience and behavior that deviates from expectations
28
positive and negative recall
positive memories are remembered more easily and negative memories forgotten more easily
- more pronounced in older adults
- equal when suffering from depression
29
what do jung's archetypes exist within
collective unconscious
30
elaborative rehearsal is also known as
semantic rehearsal
31
hierarchy of needs (highest to lowest)
```
physiological
safety
love/belonging
esteem
self-actualization
```
32
maintenance rehearsal
rote, repetitive rehearsal of new information without thinking about meaning or context
33
reaction formation
behaving in direct contradiction to one's true feelings
34
client centered therapy
client directs the discussion, therapist must be empathetic and positive
35
do fixed schedules lead to straight or jagged lines
jagged
36
animal breeding
animals can be bred to target behaviors
37
how long does working memory last
10-15 seconds without rehearsal
38
alzheimer's comes from a deficiency in
acetylcholine
39
biological predispositions
predispose one to an adaptive response, makes a conditioned response contrary unlikely
40
differentiate faces
feature receptors
41
amacrine cell functions in the
retina
42
same genes, different environment
environment changes gene expression, disease or no
43
Jung's dichotomies
extra vs intraverted
sensing vs intuition
thinking vs feeling
44
nocireceptors
pain receptors
45
basal ganglia
smooth motor movements
46
acquisition
process by which the neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus
47
alfred alder
human behavior is guided through self-improvement and success
48
carl rogers
client-centered therapy
49
risk factors for schizophrenia
family
50
rorschach inkblot test
presentation of a series of inkblots to a test taker asked to describe what they see
51
E
extraverted
52
when is temperament established
birth
53
closure
see a shape even with missing pieces
54
optic nerve
bundle of two fibers, one from the left and one from the right
55
retrograde amnesia
inability to remember memories from prior to an amnesia causing event
56
example of projection
someone interested in someone other than their spouse then thinks their spouse is cheating
57
regulatory genes
code for a substance that promotes or inhibits transcription
58
F
feeling
59
scientist involved in observational learning
albert bandura
60
regulation of photoreceptor input
horizontal cell
61
theory that a person is defined by their neuroses
psychoanalytic personality theory
62
feature detectors
cells sensitive enough to discriminate between complex stimuli
63
did girls or boys show more aggressive behavior
boys
64
self-actualization
morality, creativity, problem solving
65
myers briggs type inventory
Jung's dichotomies plus:
judging and perceiving
66
Cluster A personality disorders
paranoid
schizotypal
schizoid
67
when do antisocial personality disorder symptoms start
under 15
68
which theory focuses on unique differences
trait personality
69
semantic networks
adding context and meaning to facts
70
CNS
brain and spinal cord
71
thematic apperception test
presented with a series of pictures and asked to come up with a dramatic story
72
type B
more relaxed and reflective, lower anxiety, creativity
73
are sensation and perception equal
no
74
neuropeptides response
slower and longer lasting
75
serotonin in the CNS
regulation of sleep and appetite
76
variable ratio
rewarded sporadically
77
avoidant personality disorder
extreme shyness, sensitivity to criticism, low self esteem
78
variable interval
rewarded when a behavior occurring after a random amount of time
79
amnesia
memory loss as a result of brain damage, injury, or psychological trauma
80
norepi in the PNS
stress response
81
declarative memory
explicit
82
interneurons
relay/association neuron
83
alzheimer's disease
memory loss, impaired cognition, language deterioration
84
what causes forgetting
insufficient repetition
85
who is a supporter of social cognitive theory
bandura
86
trait theorist view
personality is a large continuum
87
biological basis of parkinson's
decreased dopamine
88
automatic processing
requires no attention or conscious effort
89
when is the ego present
develops from the id
90
examples of high order brain center
amygdala, hippocampus, orbitofrontal cortex
91
do infants have more or less glial cells than adults
fewer
92
diseases associated with dopamine
parkinson's
huntington's
tourette's
schizophrenia
93
conversion disorder
conversation of psychological stress into actual neurological deficits
94
invasive brain studies
direct electrode stimulation, human brain injury cases, lab animal
95
low levels of norepi
anxiety and depression
96
Bobo doll experiment preformed by
bandura
97
afferent neurons
receive information from sensory organs and transmit to CNS
98
who thought there is a personal and collective unconscious
jung
99
optic chiasma
portion where the optic nerves cross one another
100
semantic memory
part of long-term memory that processes ideas, concepts that are not from personal experience
101
automatic nervous system
unconsciously directed functions such as breathing
102
defense mechanisms
resorted to when the ego attempts to resolve anxiety between ego and superego
103
biomedical approach
psych disorders are caused by biological or chemical dysfunction
104
procedural memory
part of long-term memory, responsible for moving/motor skills
105
george kelly
personal construct theory
106
animus
male in a female, Jesus
107
sensation
detection of environmental stimuli by the sensory receptors, conversion to an electrical impulse, transmission of the impulse to CNS
108
what are schemas used for
processing information quickly
109
cat to mammal is what link
superordinate
110
DSM-5 stands for
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
111
episodic memory
memory of autobiographic events
112
vestibular sense
balance and spatial orientation
113
which portions of the brain decrease with alzheimer's
temporofrontal and frontal cortex, hippocampus
114
symmetry
objects form around a center point
115
anterograde amnesia
inability to create new memories occurring after an event
116
contralateral
sensory and motor functions of the left side and processed in the right side
117
relearning
increased learning efficiency when reinforcing an existing memory
118
secondary
surface only in certain situations
119
controls body activities
CNS
120
superego
conscious, pre-conscious, unconscious, moral standards
121
collective unconscious
inherited, universal themes
122
far-sighted
eye is too short or cornea doesn't curve enough
123
testing effect
forced active recall during the learning phase dramatically increases retention
124
Glycine works in the
brain stem and spinal cord
125
synaptic pruning
selective destruction of some synapses and strengthening of others
126
personal construct theory
personality is the various mental constructs through which people view reality
127
spontaneous recovery
conditioned stimulus will occasionally elicit the conditioned response even after extinction has occurred
128
past experience
seeing red, yellow, green as a traffic light
129
behavioral personality theory
personality is the sum of reinforced behavior
130
superior colliculus is in the
midbrain
131
lateral gangliate nucleus
visual perception
132
S
sensing
133
punishment
stopping or reducing a behavior
134
spreading activation
how semantic networks process recall events
135
pinna
earlobe
136
familiarity effect
using a familiar example of a concept increases recall or verification rate
137
Abraham maslow
hierarchy of needs
138
when is the superego present
age 5
139
stereocilia
sound amplification
140
do cones see color or black and white
color
141
what is the opposite of sensitization
habituation
142
threshold of conscious perception
the lowest limit of sensibility, point where a stimulus is barely received
143
borderline personality disorder
instability in moods, relationship, self-image, may be self-destructive
144
blind spot in the eye
optic nerve
145
memory includes
encoding, storage, retrieval
146
shadow
embodies certain danger in an alluring way
147
albert bandura
aggression study and observational learning
148
semantic encoding
encoding of a meaning, understanding, or interrelation with other stored information
149
acetylcholine in PNS
arousal and attention
150
encoding
initial process in memory creation, includes sensation and transient storage in working memory
151
biological basis of bipolar
increased monoamine
152
middle ear includes
tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes
153
bipolar cell
transmit signals from photoreceptors to the ganglion cells
154
raymond cattell
16 personality factor questionairre
155
what often causes korsakoff's and why
chronic alcohol abuse
| inhibits activation of thiamin to thiamine phosphate
156
P
percieving
157
long term potentiation causes a _______ in pre-synaptic neurotransmitter bundles
increase
158
tau protein
structural protein associated with microtubules
159
negative punishment
taking something good away
160
emotional interference
when a long term memory increases at a heightened emotional state, it also decreases the strength of memories before or at the same time as the emotional event
161
big five model
```
openness to experience
conscientiousness
agreeableness
extraversion
neuroticism
```
162
where is the medial geniculate nucleus found
thalamus
163
variable interval leads to
slow and steady response
164
where does epinephrine function
PNS
165
problem solving skills
corpus callosum
166
elaborative rehearsal
rehearsal of new information by thinking about its meaning, purpose, relation to known concepts
167
structural encoding
encoding what things look like
168
psychoanalytic personality theories
personality as a function of underlying, internal, unconscious influences
169
priming effect
presenting a related word increases recall or verification rate
170
id
100% unconscious, instinctive behavior
primary process and wish fulfillment
171
observational learning
general learning that results from the observation of the behavior of others
172
did girls or boys show more aggressive language
girls
173
ratio of JND to magnitude of original stimulus is a constant
weber's law
174
near-sighted
elongation of the eye or severe curvature of the cornea
175
visual encoding
encoding of an image or visualization
176
acoustic encoding
encoding of a sound
177
denial
inability to accept some reality
178
Parkinson's disease
neurodegenerative disease of slow, halting movements, tremors, muscle rigidity, shuffling gait
maybe dementia and language difficulties
179
chunking
organizing information simply into short segments or bullet points or visually simply
180
what is the strongest type of encoding
semantic
181
somatic symptom disorder
physical symptoms of illness of injury that cannot be explained by any general condition
anxiety and distress over symptoms
182
sensation triggers
action potential
183
desirable difficulties
challenging learning processes that require time and effort produce memories that are difficult to forget
184
long term potentiation
persistent strengthening of a synapse based on increased activity at that synapse
185
left hemisphere
linguistic
186
how is the distance of the line related to the strength of association in a semantic network
inversely
187
six most common psych disorders
```
anxiety
depression
substance abuse
PTSD
antisocial personality
schizophrenia
```
188
kinesthetic sense
movement
189
general diagnostic rile
symptoms must cause significant distress or impairment of normal functioning
190
unconditioned response
instinctual response that occurs following the unconditioned stimulus
191
negative reinforcement
removing something that is uncomfortable of upsetting
192
norepi in the CNS
attention and emotional processing
193
automatic association
unconscious, unintentional, stimulus-driven
194
what did freud think of unconscious
storage of unacceptable and repressed desires
195
recall
retrieval and active statement or correct application of a memory
196
does the image focus too early or late in near-sightedness
too early
197
somatic nervous system is part of
PNS
198
deep processing
encoding meaning, context, and connections
199
pheromones
odors released by one individual that elicit behaviors in another
200
what theory believes that people are inherently good
humanistic
201
do infants have more or less synapses than adults
more
202
absolute threshold
degree of stimulus intensity required for it to be correctly identified 50% of the time
203
systematic judgements
conscious determination of the source based on intentional logical evaluation of the details remembered
204
dishabituation
increased response to a stimulus after habituation has already occurred
205
memory
information (encoding, storage, retrieval)
206
fixed ratio
rewarded every n times that a behavior occurs
207
gordon allport
three basic traits:
cardinal
central
secondary
208
do rods see color or black and white
black and white
209
examples of episodic memory
time, place, emotions of life events
210
low levels of serotonin associated with
depression
211
does epi work in the parasympathetic or sympathetic
sympathetic
212
J
judging
213
when is antisocial personality disorder diagnosed
over 18
214
innate behavior
predominantly genetic, present regardless of environment
215
glial cells
support cells
216
physiological changes inside the cell during alzheimer's
tau protein hyper-phosphorylated, insoluble tangles
217
reinforcement
operant conditioning
218
continuity
continue beyond the endpoint
219
petectum is in the
midbrain
220
retrieval
any use or application or application of a stored memory
221
reinforcement
making a behavior more likely
222
adoptive value
degree to which a behavior increases fitness
223
positive punishment
presenting something undesirable
224
internal locus of control
I control outcomes
225
neurotransmitter response
faster and shorter lasting
226
interdependence
environment and genes are constantly changing one another
227
olfaction
smell
228
which theory focuses on a single or small set of traits
type theorist
229
is shallow processing maintenance or elaborative?
maintenance
230
what is LTM the result of
physical changes to the neuron
231
just noticeable difference
the amount something must be changed to detect a difference 50% of the time
232
which of the id, ego, and superego is idealistic
superego
233
explicit memory
declarative, requires conscious recall
234
ganglion cells
final output neuron from eyes to brain
235
interference effects
a new memory similar to an existing one can cause difficulty recalling the original
increasing irrelevant connections can decrease recall rate
236
freud
id, ego, superego
237
different genes, same environment
genes change environment
238
people are more than the sum of their neuroses
humanistic
239
cat to whiskers is what link
modifier
240
illness anxiety disorder
heightened bodily sensations and intense anxiousness about the possibility of undiagnosed illness
241
eye lens
converging
242
biopsychosocial approach
psych disorders are caused by a combo of biochemical, psychological and sociological factors
243
thiamine
vitamin B
244
schemas
preconceived frameworks for viewing the world based on past experience
245
which of the id, ego, and superego is instinctual
id
246
learning
behavior (stable change based on experience)
247
how do stereocilia differ from cilia
they are moved by the surrounding fluid
248
corti
spiral organ, receptor for hearing
249
dependent personality disorder
chronic pattern of dependent, submissive, needy behavior
250
sensory memory
information is first processed, short lived
251
myopia
near sighted
252
epi in the PNS
stress response
253
self-reference effect
the brain encodes information more easily and forms stronger memories when the information is more closely related to oneself
254
fixed interval
rewarded every time a behavior occurs after a certain amount of time
255
schizotypal personality disorder
DISTORTED
| eccentric perception, "magical thinking", mind reading and future telling
256
risk factors for depression
family
257
mnemonics
any pattern of letters, symbols or associations that help remember something
258
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
official reference manual used to diagnose mental disorders
259
ganglion cells function in the
retina
260
who is associated with an inferiority complex
alfred alder
261
schizoid personality disorder
DISRUPTIVE
| severe detachment, indifference to feedback
262
example of neuropeptide
endorphin
263
is maintenance rehearsal effective?
no
264
ego
conscious, pre-conscious, unconscious, realization of id desires, balance of superego tendencies
secondary process and reality principle
265
shallow processing
structural or phonemic
266
sentence completion test
asked to finish a sentence in a personally meaningful way
267
method of loci
associations of word with visual checkpoints such as a hallway or running route
268
where is the olfactory bulb found
forebrain
269
converging image
positive, real, inverted
270
risk factors for alzheimer's
family
| women
271
lateral gangliate nucleus is in the
thalamus
272
monoamines
seratonin, dopamin, norepi
273
misinformation effect
presentation of inaccurate post-event information can cause an accurate memory to be altered or recalled inaccurately
274
state-dependent learning
memory encoded in a particular place/ setting or in conjunction with a sight/smell/sound, memory is enhanced when attempted in the same state
275
instinctive drift
tendency of a subject to revert from a conditioned to an instinctive response
276
efferent neurons
send impulses from CNS to limbs and organs
277
self-efficacy
belief in ability is closely related to actual ability
278
regression
reverting to patterns of behavior used at earlier stages of life to deal with stress
279
glycine in the CNS
inhibitory
280
social cognitive personality theories
personality as a result of observational learning, situational influences and cognitive processes
281
norepinephrine works in the
CNS and PNS
282
tympanic membrane
eardrum
283
Jung's archetypes
universal images or concepts within the collective unconscious that influence behavior and thought
284
extinction
conditioned response no longer occurs following the conditioned stimulus
285
rod/cones to ganglion cells
bipolar cells
286
CNS injury
reassignment of brain region functioning following a traumatic injury
287
bottom-up processing
individual elements put together into a whole
288
how often is long-term memory decaying
constantly
289
habituation
decreased response to a stimulus after it has been presented multiple times
290
amacrine cell
inhibitory neurons
291
who is a supporter of behavioral personality theory
skinner
292
instinct
classical conditioning
293
shaping
reinforcing successive approximation of some target behavior
294
how does STM work
temporary chemical and electrical traces
295
start at the subsystem, end at the full system
bottom-up processing
296
trait personality theories
personality is the sum of broad, stable characteristics
297
locus of control
personal belief to the degree to which one can control life events or outcomes
298
displacement
diversion of unacceptable feelings onto someone other than their own source (neutral source)
299
similarity
group based on a common characteristic: color, size, shape
300
operant conditioning
learning to associate one behavior with a punishment
301
acetylcholine in CNS
neuromuscular junction, ANS
302
horizontal cell functions in the
retina
303
examples of procedural memory
walking, talking
304
modifier links
links a concept to its properties
305
which memories show the sharpest decline
episodic
| source
306
sensitization
increased response to a stimulus after the stimulus has already been presented
307
category size effect
recall and verification rate increasing if the category has fewer members
308
sociopath
severe deficit of conscience
309
common fate
things moving together are a unit
310
what did freud think of ego
conscious, pre-conscious, unconscious
311
what increases in size with alzheimer's
ventricle
312
escape learning
adopt a behavior to reduce or end an unpleasant stimulus
313
psychological factors
personality, behavior
314
sensory adaptation
when first exposed to a stimulus, brain responsiveness increases but then decreases to the background if repeated
315
threshold
minimum magnitude of a stimulus or the minimum difference in magnitude between two stimuli that can be perceived by the CNS
316
what did freud think of behavior
repressed childhood desires
317
conditioned stimulus
elicits a response after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus
318
what is the opposite of habituation
sensitization
319
external locus of control
other events beyond my control determines outcomes
320
non-invasive brain studies
EEG
TDCS
rCBF
321
mask represents
persona
322
dominant hemisphere
side of the brian used to control the preferred arm or leg
323
when is the id present
from birth
324
dopamine in the CNS
sensorimotor integration and reward processing
325
type theorist view
personality exists as discrete, fixed categories and people fall into one or the other
326
central
present to some degree in everyone
327
EEG
electroencephalography
328
neural plasticity
ability of the brain and its neurons to physically change in response to stimuli
329
variable ratio leads to
high and steady response
330
examples of implicit memory
skills, procedures, conditioned responses
331
what are jung's archetypes
self
shadow
anima
persona
332
N
intuition
333
peg-word system
two step method using a peg list such as:
1- run
2- blue
3- free
uses these words to remember a list
334
self
entire mind in unified
335
persona
how one presents themselves to the world
336
good gestalt
elements grouped together based on a pattern
337
jung
contemporary and supporter of Freud
338
two types of twin studies
1- MZ twins raised in the same family compared to DZ twins raised in the same family
2-MZ twins raised in the same family compared to MZ twins raised apart
339
prospective memory
ability to remember to do something at a future time
340
corpus callosum
transfer of information between hemispheres
341
generalization
conditioned response spreads to stimuli that are similar but not identical to the conditioned stimulus
342
are rods or cones more sensitive
rods
343
psychophysics
use of precise, quantitative measurement of physical stimuli to understand the relationships between external stimuli and sensation
344
perception triggers
mind process
345
ipsilateral
same side
346
bell/tone
neutral stimulus and becomes conditioned stimulus
347
covalent DNA modifications lead to
changes in physiology
348
modeling
process of learning by watching others and mimicking their behavior
349
conditioned response
elicited by the conditioned stimulus
350
three types of encoding
visual, acoustic, semantic
351
neutral stimulus
does not elicit a response in the absence of learning
352
long term potentiation causes a _______ in post-synaptic ion channel receptors
increase
353
fixed interval leads to
high response rate at the end of the interval
354
dopamine works in the
CNS
355
top-down processing
whole broken down into individual elements
356
rule-based processing
conscious and intentional, driven by stimulus as well as language and congition
357
what did Jung think of libido
more generalized view of energy
358
who believed in reciprocal determinism
bandura
359
anima
female in a male, virgin mary
360
implicit memory
non-declarative memory, automatic recall
361
histrionic personality disorder
excessive but shallow emotions, attention-seeking, manipulative
362
where is the olfactory sensory neuron found
upper nasal cavity
363
automatic nervous system is part of
PNS
364
when does alzheimer's onset
65+
365
long term potentiation causes a _______ in gene expression
increase
366
signal detection theory
means to quantify the ability to discern between information-beaning patterns and random, distracting patterns
367
response bias
range of elements that influence the response of participants away from accuracy
368
outer ear includes
pinna and auditory canal
369
temperament
general emotional dispition
370
do rods or cones see better resolution
cones
371
recognition
associating new information with an existing memory
372
antisocial personality disorder
pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, animal cruelty, lack of concern and empathy
373
serial position effect
presenting order or position on a list impacts recall based on the primacy and recency effects
374
what is hard to see in near-sighted
far away
375
how many pigments do cones have
three
376
TDCS
transcranial direct current stimulation
377
do variable schedules lead to straight or jagged lines
straight
378
malleus, incus, stapes
middle ear bones
379
continuation
assume no change in direction
380
biological basis of depression
decreased monoamines
increased cortisol and glucose metabolism
hippocampus atrophy
381
catecholamines
Epi
Norepi
Dopamine
382
GABA stands for
gamma aminobutyric acid
383
proximity
groupings close together show associations
384
superior colliculus
control of eye movements
385
level of detail
positive memories are usually accompanied with more details than negative memories
386
sublimation
channeling unacceptable thoughts or urges into something more acceptable
387
taste pathway
taste buds, brain stem, taste center
388
classical conditioning
learning to instinctually associate one stimulus with another
389
korsakoff's syndrome
brain disorder resulting from severe thiamine deficiency
390
what triggers olfactory cells
membrane receptors that bind airborne chemicals
391
where is the olfactory nerve found
cranial nerve I
392
biological personality theory
personality is predominantly the result of gene expression
393
what is the first example of personality types
Jung's dichotomies
394
mirror neurons
neurons that have been shown to fire when you feel an emotion as well as when you observe another feeling that emotion
395
what are projective tests used to overcome
repression
396
how does horney define neuroses
basic anxiety resulting from relationship struggles in childhood
397
state depending learning
mood and emotional similarity during recall enhance memory
398
paranoid personality disorder
DISRUPTIVE
| pervasive distrust or suspicion
399
Cluster C of personality disorders
Avoidant
| Dependent
400
sociological factors
culture, peer pressure
401
latent learning
learning without presentation of a reward
402
working memory
actively being engaged with
403
reciprocal determinism
individual, behavior and environment affect one another
404
behavior may mold environment
reciprocal determinism
405
kurt lewin
field theory
406
wernickes syndrome
precursor to korsakoff's that can be treated with IV vitamines and cessation of alcohol intake
407
superordinate links
connects the concept to the category name
408
true-false effect
true statements are verified quicker than false statements are negated
409
narcissistic personality disorder
excessive sense of self-importance, lack of empathy, constant need for attention
410
processes visual stimuli
lateral geniculate nucleus
411
where is the taste center
thalamus
412
who set the big five model
Mccrae and costa
413
repression
information unconsciously pushed out of awareness
414
token economy
positive behavior is reinforced with tokens that can be later exchanged for prizes
415
karen horney
humanistic, rejected sexual urges
416
heightened emotional states
memories coded during heightened emotional states are remembered more easily
417
who are developers of psychoanalytic personality theories
Freud and Jung
418
how many pigments do rods have
one, rhodopsin
419
inner ear includes
cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canal, vestibulocochlear nerve
420
humanistic personality theory
personality as the conscious feelings we have as we strive to reach goals
421
suprachiamatic nucleus is in the
hypothalamus
422
does brain size increase or decrease from the peak
decrease
423
examples of prospective memory
take medication, return a book
424
avoidance learning
adopt a behavior to avoid an unpleasant stimulus
425
memory construction
creation, fabrication, or recall of false memories
426
horizontal cell
laterally connect neurons with cell bodies
427
salivation at the tone
conditioned response
428
what did jung think of behavior
past experiences and future aspirations
429
phonemic encoding
encoding what things sound like
430
who developed the curve of memory decay
herman ebbinghaus
431
psychopath
complete lack of conscience
432
what did freud think of libido
the driving energy of the Id is sexual
433
auditory processing pathway
hair cells, vestibulocochlear nerve, brainstem, medial geniculate nucleus, auditory cortex
434
weber's law
minimum JND is proportional to the magnitude of the original stimulus
435
max wertheimer
gestalt therapy
436
rCBF
regional cerebral blood flow
437
automatic spreading activation
said to occur when the primer is a category name and the target is an example
438
confabulation
fabrication of false but usually vivid and detailed memories to fill in the gaps of a coherent story
439
biological basis of schizophrenia
increased dopamine
440
T
thinking
441
word association test
provided with a word and asked to provide a word associated
442
suprachiamatic nucleus
hormonal changes
443
food
unconditioned stimulus
444
dementia
gradual, long-term decline in one's general mental function or capability that is severe enough to interfere with daily life
445
convexity
convex more likely than concave
446
cardinal
dominate personality
447
what did jung think of unconscious
storage place of repressed memories, good and bad
448
example of displacement
directing anger at one's husband onto their children
449
what does lasik surgery reshape
cornea
450
source monitoring errors
recall errors in which the source of the memory is inaccurately identified
451
rationalization
creating excuses to justify something unacceptable
452
catecholamines are made up of
phenylalanine and tyrosine
453
personal unconscious
not aware, affects behaviors, maybe revealed in dreams
454
fixed ratio leads to
high and steady response, pause after reward
455
right hemisphere
visuospatial processing, emotional information
456
I
intraverted
457
who developed the Type A and B personalities
two cardiologists
Friedman and Rosenman
458
proactive interference
old memories impact the formation of new ones
459
PNS
connect the DNS to the limbs and organs
460
learning
relatively long-lasting change in behavior resulting from experience
461
Cluster B personality disorders
Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic
462
situational personality theory
personality and behavior is the result of situational factors
463
physiological changes outside the cell during alzheimer's
beta-amyloid plaques develop between CNS neurons
464
olfactory pathway
olfactory sensory neurons, olfactory nerve, olfactory bulb, high order brain center
465
lateral geniculate nucleus
relay center between optic nerve and the visual cortex
466
spacing effect
material is learned most effectively when studied several times spaced out rather than in a short period
467
what did jung think of ego
only conscious
468
type A
competitive, time urgency, hostility
469
field theory
state of mind is the interaction between personality and environment
470
GABA in the CNS
inhibitory, reduces stress and excitatory responses
471
PEN model
psychoticism
extraversion
neuroticism
472
relay information from the spinal cord
PNS
473
start at the system, end at the subsystems
top-down processing
474
familial concordance
behaviors shown to run in a family or to be more frequent in children with parents who exhibit the trait
475
projection
attribution of one's own unwelcome thoughts onto someone else
476
discrimination
conditioned response can only occur when the stimulus is identical to the conditioned one
477
bipolar cell cell functions in the
retina
478
hans and sybil eysenck
PEN Model
479
somatic nervous system
voluntary control of body movement
480
inner retina surface
ganglion cells
