Small Ruminate I: Sheep & Goats

Question 1

Ovine definition

Answer 1

Sheep

Question 2

name the parts

Question 3

Sheep are ___ animals that do best in small ___. When attempting to handle, trap them against a wall or ___ & grasp around the ___. ___ skin can be grabbed for extra security.
Remember, move ___ and don’t chase around the pen!

Answer 3

1. Timid
2. Groups
3. Corner
4. Neck
5. Flank
6. Slowly

Question 4

How to “sit up” a sheep (3)

Answer 4

1. Hold sheep against your braced knees with one hand under its chin & one under its rump.
2. Turn sheep’s head to the rear with one hand while forcing the rump down against your leg with the other hand.
3. When sheep is no longer standing, lift the front leg & sit the sheep securely on its rump.

Question 5

What vein(s) are most commonly used for blood sampling?
What position is best used for blood sample collection?

Answer 5

1. Jugular vein most common. Cephalic & femoral vein also used
2. Standing or “set up” position
   - Blocking stand can be used to hold in standing position

Question 6

Many procedures can be performed on a sheep by backing them into a ___, straddling them between the handlers ___, & squeezing the sheep ___ firmly between the legs.

Answer 6

1. Corner
2. Legs
3. Shoulders

Question 7

How to collect urine from a female sheep (2)

Answer 7

1. Hold nostrils and mouth shut for 45 seconds
2. Release hold of muzzle if animal resists

Question 8

1. IM injections
2. SC injections
3. Intramammary injections

Answer 8

1. IM
   - Part woll/hair
   - Avoid gluteals
   - Lateral cervical MM
2. SC
   - 18g needle 1/4”
   - Lateral neck, axilla & flank fold
3. Intramammary

Question 9

Bottom of a sheep/goat’s foot:
___ should be cleaned out, outer hoof wall ___ to remove overgrowth, bring the wall down to the ___, and make the outer wall parallel with the ___ band. The inner hoof wall is then cut, with more inside the wall than outside wall being ___.
- The heel should never be cut unless it is badly ___. -

Answer 9

1. Toe
2. Cut
3. Sole
4. Coronary
5. Removed
6. Overgrown

Question 10

Name the parts
- Heel
- Wall: Inner or Outer
- Dewclaw
- Frog
- Toe
- Coronary line

Answer 10

Question 11

When trimming the hoof, avoid cutting off ___ chunks of the hoof.
Stop at the first sign of ___. This color means you are getting close to the foot ___ supply.
The foot should be trimmed from the ___ to the ___ to remove excess growth of the “___” portion of the hoof.

Answer 11

1. Large
2. Pinkness
3. Blood
4. Heel
5. Toe
6. “Horny”

Question 12

Tail docking is commonly performed on lambs but is falling out of favor.
What are reasons to tail dock? At what age?

Answer 12

1. Reasons:
   - Prevent fly strike
   - Reduce accumulation of feces
2. Age:
   2-3 days old to prevent stress

Question 13

T/F: Lambs do not need to have a tetanus vaccine

Answer 13

False! Tetanus vaccine is a must!!

Question 14

Methods of tail docking (4)

Answer 14

1. Emasculator
2. Heat cautery
3. Sharp excision
4. Elastrator band (controversial due to ischemic necrosis)

Question 15

T/F: The AVMA opposes routine tail docking of cattle unless when medically necessary

Answer 15

True! If it needs to be done, it must be performed by a licensed veterinarian

Question 16

Name the parts:
-Flank -Rump -Withers
-Tail -Ribs -Thigh
-Rump -Knee -Chest Florr
-Horn -Poll -Hock
-Scrotum -Brisket -Forehead
-Bridge of Nose -Lower Jaw -Beard

Answer 16

Question 17

Handling Goats:
They can be curious and independent animals. Goats can become aggressive and present as such by ___ ___.
You may use a ___ or ___ goat to entice goats to move.
Goats can be restrained by the ___. Their ___ can be held near the base. ___ recumbency is another method to restrain.
It is important to never restrain by the ___.

Answer 17

1. Head butting
2. Feed
3. Leader
4. Beard
5. Horns
6. Lateral
7. Ears

Question 18

Goat injection sites
IM
IV
SQ

Answer 18

Question 19

Sheep, and goats especially, are sensitive to ___ as a form of pain control. A concentration no greater than __% should be used and diluted down to __-__%

Answer 19

a. Lidocaine
b. 2%
c. 0.5-1%

Question 20

Signs of lidocaine toxicity in sheep & goats (4)

Answer 20

1. Muscular tremors
2. Severe depression
3. Hypotension
4. Occasionally convulsions

Question 21

What is cornual nerve block used for?
Is it performed the same way between goats and cattle? Why or why not?

Answer 21

1. Desensitization of the horn & horn base for dehorning Sx
2. Differently because the innervation is different. So, it is more complex is a goat then a cow.
   - Innervation: distribution of nerves to a body part

Question 22

What are the two sites that must be blocked in a goat for dehorning?
Do sheep get dehorned? If so, where is block placed?

Answer 22

1. Sites:
   - Cornual branch from the lacrimal nerve
   - Cornual branch of the infratrochlear
2. Sheep:
   - Rarely so
   - Their nerve supply is only from the cornual branch of the lacrimal nerve

Question 23

Immediately after dehorning, what should be done next?

Answer 23

In holding position or “disbudding” box, there should be pressure applied to the sites to help control hemorrhaging from the cornual artery.

Question 24

These overlapping cautery burns are meant to do what?

Answer 24

Disbud and de-scent kids

Question 25

Castration is typically performed within the ___ week but with pet goats it is within ___-___ months.

Answer 25

a. 1 week
b. 5-6 months

Question 26

Methods used for castration (3)
Early castration may result in…

Answer 26

1. Methods:
   - Knife
   - Emasculatome
   - Elastrator: not as common now
2. Early castration:
   - Retard penile urethra

Question 27

C-section in small ruminates
- Anesthetic used
- Position it is performed in

Answer 27

1. Inverted L-block (lidocaine)
2. Standing position