Small Ruminate I: Sheep & Goats Flashcards
Ovine definition
Sheep
name the parts
Sheep are ___ animals that do best in small ___. When attempting to handle, trap them against a wall or ___ & grasp around the ___. ___ skin can be grabbed for extra security.
Remember, move ___ and don’t chase around the pen!
- Timid
- Groups
- Corner
- Neck
- Flank
- Slowly
How to “sit up” a sheep (3)
- Hold sheep against your braced knees with one hand under its chin & one under its rump.
- Turn sheep’s head to the rear with one hand while forcing the rump down against your leg with the other hand.
- When sheep is no longer standing, lift the front leg & sit the sheep securely on its rump.
What vein(s) are most commonly used for blood sampling?
What position is best used for blood sample collection?
- Jugular vein most common. Cephalic & femoral vein also used
- Standing or “set up” position
- Blocking stand can be used to hold in standing position
Many procedures can be performed on a sheep by backing them into a ___, straddling them between the handlers ___, & squeezing the sheep ___ firmly between the legs.
- Corner
- Legs
- Shoulders
How to collect urine from a female sheep (2)
- Hold nostrils and mouth shut for 45 seconds
- Release hold of muzzle if animal resists
- IM injections
- SC injections
- Intramammary injections
- IM
- Part woll/hair
- Avoid gluteals
- Lateral cervical MM - SC
- 18g needle 1/4”
- Lateral neck, axilla & flank fold - Intramammary
Bottom of a sheep/goat’s foot:
___ should be cleaned out, outer hoof wall ___ to remove overgrowth, bring the wall down to the ___, and make the outer wall parallel with the ___ band. The inner hoof wall is then cut, with more inside the wall than outside wall being ___.
- The heel should never be cut unless it is badly ___. -
- Toe
- Cut
- Sole
- Coronary
- Removed
- Overgrown
Name the parts
- Heel
- Wall: Inner or Outer
- Dewclaw
- Frog
- Toe
- Coronary line
When trimming the hoof, avoid cutting off ___ chunks of the hoof.
Stop at the first sign of ___. This color means you are getting close to the foot ___ supply.
The foot should be trimmed from the ___ to the ___ to remove excess growth of the “___” portion of the hoof.
- Large
- Pinkness
- Blood
- Heel
- Toe
- “Horny”
Tail docking is commonly performed on lambs but is falling out of favor.
What are reasons to tail dock? At what age?
- Reasons:
- Prevent fly strike
- Reduce accumulation of feces - Age:
2-3 days old to prevent stress
T/F: Lambs do not need to have a tetanus vaccine
False! Tetanus vaccine is a must!!
Methods of tail docking (4)
- Emasculator
- Heat cautery
- Sharp excision
- Elastrator band (controversial due to ischemic necrosis)
T/F: The AVMA opposes routine tail docking of cattle unless when medically necessary
True! If it needs to be done, it must be performed by a licensed veterinarian
Name the parts:
-Flank -Rump -Withers
-Tail -Ribs -Thigh
-Rump -Knee -Chest Florr
-Horn -Poll -Hock
-Scrotum -Brisket -Forehead
-Bridge of Nose -Lower Jaw -Beard
Handling Goats:
They can be curious and independent animals. Goats can become aggressive and present as such by ___ ___.
You may use a ___ or ___ goat to entice goats to move.
Goats can be restrained by the ___. Their ___ can be held near the base. ___ recumbency is another method to restrain.
It is important to never restrain by the ___.
- Head butting
- Feed
- Leader
- Beard
- Horns
- Lateral
- Ears
Goat injection sites
IM
IV
SQ
Sheep, and goats especially, are sensitive to ___ as a form of pain control. A concentration no greater than __% should be used and diluted down to __-__%
a. Lidocaine
b. 2%
c. 0.5-1%
Signs of lidocaine toxicity in sheep & goats (4)
- Muscular tremors
- Severe depression
- Hypotension
- Occasionally convulsions
What is cornual nerve block used for?
Is it performed the same way between goats and cattle? Why or why not?
- Desensitization of the horn & horn base for dehorning Sx
- Differently because the innervation is different. So, it is more complex is a goat then a cow.
- Innervation: distribution of nerves to a body part
What are the two sites that must be blocked in a goat for dehorning?
Do sheep get dehorned? If so, where is block placed?
- Sites:
- Cornual branch from the lacrimal nerve
- Cornual branch of the infratrochlear - Sheep:
- Rarely so
- Their nerve supply is only from the cornual branch of the lacrimal nerve
Immediately after dehorning, what should be done next?
In holding position or “disbudding” box, there should be pressure applied to the sites to help control hemorrhaging from the cornual artery.
These overlapping cautery burns are meant to do what?
Disbud and de-scent kids
Castration is typically performed within the ___ week but with pet goats it is within ___-___ months.
a. 1 week
b. 5-6 months
Methods used for castration (3)
Early castration may result in…
- Methods:
- Knife
- Emasculatome
- Elastrator: not as common now - Early castration:
- Retard penile urethra
C-section in small ruminates
- Anesthetic used
- Position it is performed in
- Inverted L-block (lidocaine)
- Standing position
