Bovine Diagnostic Sampling & Therapeutics

Question 1

Venipuncture is something cattle tend to ___ and should never be done without ___.
The body must be ___ in movement, usually in a ___ or ___ catch gate.

Answer 1

1. Resist
2. Restraint
3. Restricted
4. Chute or Head catch gate

Question 2

Venipuncture site is cleaned with ___. A ___ gauge needle is most commonly used.

Answer 2

1. Alcohol
2. 18 gauge

Question 3

Most common sites for venipuncture (3)

Answer 3

1. Jugular vein
2. Coccygeal vein
3. Milk vein - last resort

Question 4

How to collect blood from the coccygeal vein (tail vein)

Answer 4

Angle needle at a 45 to 90 degree angle between vertebrae. If you hit bone slowly retract.

Question 5

Vessels on the coccygeal vein are about ___ to ___ inch beneath the skin directly at the ___ under the hemal ___.
During venipuncture, if an artery is accidentally entered, apply ___ seconds of pressure to avoid ___.

Answer 5

1. 1/2 to 1 inch
2. Midline
3. Arches
4. 60 seconds
5. Hematoma

Question 6

For urine collection, females can be encouraged to urinate by “____.”

Answer 6

Titillating

Question 7

How do you get urine from a female cow? (2)

Answer 7

1. Method of Tittilating
   Stimulating the perineal area. The skin beneath the vulva is lightly stroked with the fingers or straw until urination occurs.
2. If it doesn’t work:
   Part the lips of the vulva.

Question 8

Some clinicians have had success obtaining voiced sample from males by ___ the inside of the ___ using the ___ of a capped tube.

Answer 8

1. Rubbing
2. Sheath
3. Threads

Question 9

T/F: Both male and female adults can be catheterized for urine samples. Calves cannot receive cysto urine collections

Answer 9

False! Only females can be catheterized and calves CAN get cystos

Question 10

Milk sampling procedure: (5)

Answer 10

1. Wash hands with sanitizing solution
2. Dry teats with individual paper towel for each teat
3. Grasp teat at base, pinch gently with thumb & finger, and slide the “pinch” distally.
4. Release and return to base to repeat.
5. Sample is collected into strip cup or CMT paddle

Question 11

Milk evaluation is critical for diagnosing ___. This diagnosis is important for both ___ of animal and for the milk consumed by ___ or ___.

Answer 11

1. Mastitis
2. Health
3. Humans or calves

Question 12

CMT test
Paddle has four wells. A chemical is added to read the “___ ___ ___” for severity of inflammation

Answer 12

Somatic cell count

Question 12

What are the visible reactions for each CMT score?

Answer 12

Question 13

What is a Withdrawal time?

Answer 13

A time period required by law which milk from a treated animal cannot be used for human consumption.

Question 14

T/F: The owner/dairyman must be notified of all withholding times when vet team administers or prescribes meds!

Answer 14

True!!

Question 15

T/F: Medicating in feeds is not a very reliable form of medicating

Answer 15

True

Question 16

How to use a balling gun (3)

Answer 16

1. Head restrained at a natural elevation.
2. Loaded balling gun is placed in the mouth interdental space, over the tongue, then directed over midline to back to back of mouth.
3. Don’t wedge instrument into pharynx, or “pop” bolus so hard that it injures the throat.

Question 17

Drenching is a delivery of ___ orally with large oral dose syringe.

Answer 17

Liquids

Question 18

How to drench:

Answer 18

Deliver liquid slowly to prevent aspiration.
Speculum can be used to prevent chewing on syringe or gavage tubes.

Question 19

What regions can you give an IM injection? SQ? Areas to completely avoid?

Answer 19

Question 20

For tuberculosis testing, only federally accredited ___ may perform TB test.

Answer 20

Veterinarians

Question 21

How a tuberculosis (TB) test works (5)

Answer 21

1. Tuberculin is given ID into the caudal tail fold
2. 72hrs the test is read
3. Inj site is eval for inflammatory/allergic type reactions
4. Thickening of the skin or pain at the inj sire would be suspicious for positive response.
   Further testing of the animal is needed if this occurs.

Question 22

Medications, especially antibiotics, are often infused into the ___ to treat diseases of the udder.

Answer 22

Teat

Question 23

Steps in doing a intramammary infusion (5)

Answer 23

1. Milk udder prior to Tx, dispose of this milk properly!
2. Hands washed well, exam gloves.
3. Clean each teat thoroughly & let dry.
4. Teat is dipped in germicide, working far teat to near teat to prevent contamination.
5. Infusion is done from near teat to far teat to prevent contamination.

Question 24

How to give an Intranasal injection (3)

Answer 24

1. Nostrils free of debris
2. Lift head a little to perform inj into nostril in one rapid motion
3. Head throwing and/or sneezing is to be expected