Small Ruminant Questions Flashcards
Which one of the following diseases has an effective vaccination for prevention in sheep?
- Listeriosis
- Foot rot
- Johne’s disease
- Scrapie
- Caprine arthritis encephalitis
Foot rot
What element should be added to the ration when there is an outbreak of urethral calculi in a sheep facility?
calcium
What is the most likely diagnosis for this sheep noted to be grazing on the knees?
ovine foot rot
Which one of the following is a reportable chronic wasting neurological disease of sheep?
- Paratuberculosis
- Scrapie
- Babesiosis
- Cryptosporidiosis
- Coccidiosis
Scrapie
T/F: Scrapie is a disease mostly of sheep, although any sheep or goat breed may be affected
True
The disease is characterized by an insidious onset of clinical signs and affects the Suffolk breed primarily because of a genetic predisposition. There is no treatment for this disease
T/F: Treatment of caseous lymphadenitis with large doses of antibiotics usually results in resolution of disease within 2 months
False
There is no effective treatment for this organism. This organism will produce a very strong capsule around the abscess, which prevents antibacterials from entering and working. Surgery is not considered because the infection could be around vital organs. People have tried other treatments but no cure for the disease
Which breed of goat is characterized by having a white coat color & higher level of milk production?
Saanen
T/F: With regard to Pink Eye in goats, treated animals recover more quickly than non-treated ones
False
Therapy may prolong recovery and lead to quicker reinfection
Which of the following species can be infected with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?
- Sheep
- Goats
- Deer
- All of the above
All of the above
Scrapie is a disease mostly of sheep, although any sheep or goat breed may be affected. The disease is characterized by an insidious onset of clinical signs and affects the __________ breed primarily because of a genetic predisposition
Suffolk
There is no treatment for this disease
T/F: The CAE virus is primarily transmitted to kids via direct contact after birth
False
CAE virus is primarily transmitted to kids via colostrum
Identify the condition observed in this goat. Is it contagious?
Pink eye
- Zoonotic
- Etiology: Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and secondary infection with Branhamella ovis
- Treatment: Oxytetracycline
A producer wants to minimize the occurrence of pregnancy toxemia in a flock of crossbred ewes. Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation?
- Add chloretetracycline to the ration that is fed to the ewes in late gestation
- Reduce feeding concentrates and limit exercise during the last trimester
- Target genetic selection from the ewe flock and the breeding ram to produce single lambs rather than multiples
- Target the plane of nutrition to avoid extremes in body condition in the pregnant ewe
- Vaccinate the pregnant ewe with C. perfringens types C and D approximately 4 weeks before they are due to lamb
Target the plane of nutrition to avoid extremes in body condition in the pregnant ewe
What is the scientific name for the nasal bot in sheep? What clinical signs are associated with nasal bots?
Oestrus ovis
Clinical signs include mucopurulent nasal discharge, sneezing, sniffling
What is the primary clinical sign of iodine deficiency in lambs?
Goiter (thyroid enlargement)
The most common cause of death in lambs dying at more than one day of age is __________
starvation
due to either mis-mothering or hypothermia
What is the most economically important parasite in sheep and goats?
Haemonchus contortus (Barber Pole Worm)
For what trait is the callipyge gene noted?
muscular development
Tentative diagnosis of Listeriosis in small ruminants is based on:
CSF tap with increased monocytes and protein
The __________ sheep breed is affected with the callipyge and spider-leg genes
Suffolk
T/F: For optimum protection, sheep or goats should be vaccinated against tetanus once after weaning followed by an annual booster
False
For optimum protection, sheep or goats should be vaccinated against tetanus twice after weaning followed by an annual booster
The finding of glucosuria in a moribund 6 week old lamb with a very good body condition would be presumptive evidence of:
Enterotoxemia caused by C. perfringens type D
T/F: Haemonchus infections in sheep result in diarrhea as a clinical sign
False
Clinical signs include poor growth and productivity, lacrimation, wool matted to face, and anemia
“Hard bag” and listlessness are commonly associated with __________ in sheep
pneumonia
Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP)
The two sheep on the right are affected with a genetic condition that results in enlarged muscles around the pelvic area. The gene that has been identified with this condition is known:
Callipyge gene
Which one of the following diseases would be considered most contagious in dairy goats?
- Polioencephalomalacia
- Listeriosis
- Enterotoxemia
- Tetanus
- Caseous lymphadenitis
Caseous lymphadenitis
Which one of the following is the primary clinical sign of vitamin E deficiency in lambs?
- Rickets
- Stiffness of the hind legs
- Opisthotonus
- Normocytic, homochromic anemia
- Goiter
Stiffness of the hind legs
The most common form of selenium-vitamin E deficiency is known as:
White Muscle Disease
A female sheep is usually called a __________ while a male sheep is called a __________
A female sheep is usually called a ewe while a male sheep is called a ram
What Kenyan sheep breed is important because of innate parasite resistance?
Red Masai
What is the therapy of choice for lead toxicosis in sheep?
Calcium versenate IV
Which one of the following practices has been associated with tetanus outbreaks in cattle and sheep?
- Ear tagging
- Footrot vaccination
- Clostridium vaccination
- Elastration of tails
- Hoof trimming
Elastration of tails
A feeding technique used with ewes to increase ovulation rates is known as:
flushing
If a Iamb was found down this morning unable to move or rise with a history of tail docking and castration two weeks ago with rubber bands, what is your primary tentative diagnosis?
- Blunt trauma
- Clostridial disease
- Anthrax
- Brisket edema
- Acute parasitic disease
Clostridial disease
Weight loss of a whole flock of ewes accompanied by apparent appetite increase would be suggestive of __________ or __________
parasites or pregnancy
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is:
- Facultative intracellular
- A protozoa
- Non-zoonotic
- Acid-fast staining
Facultative intracellular
A young goat is called a __________ while a young sheep is called a __________
A young goat is called a kid while a young sheep is called a lamb
What is the therapy of choice for polioencephalomalacia in goats?
Thiamine hydrochloride
Which one of the following is used as a vaccine for parapox virus in sheep?
- Bacterin
- Modified live virus
- Live virus
- Killed virus
- Toxoid
Live virus
Identify this breed of Russian sheep noted for its fecundity:
Romanov
How is the meningeal worm transmitted from deer to small ruminants?
By ingestion of snails or slugs which may be intermediate hosts
A useful and practical therapy for hypoglycemic lambs, kids or piglets is:
- 50% glucose IP
- 20% glucose IP
- 20% glucose orally
- 20% glucose IV
20% glucose IP
A multi-horned breed of sheep with a spotted coat color is known as the __________
Jacob
What bacterial organisms are most associated with infectious keratoconjunctivitis in sheep and goats?
Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
The disease is known as pink eye and is both zoonotic and contagious The drug of choice for therapy is oxytetracycline
How is the OPP virus transmitted from dam to offspring?
colostrum
What vitamin deficiency is associated with the disease condition causing this clinical sign in sheep?
Thiamine
A 4-H member handled some lambs about a week ago at the county fair. Now he has developed lesions. What is the most likely diagnosis?
contagious ecthyma
A castrated male sheep or goat is termed a:
wether
While dogs may be essential to the management of many sheep flocks, they have the potential for spreading disease to sheep. Among the diseases which they might spread is:
- Louping ill
- Scrapie
- Ovine progressive pneumonia
- Lungworms
- Tapeworm cysts
tapeworm cysts
The control of external parasites such as lice may be a problem in __________ goats due to long fleece.
Angora
One of the most common causes of chronic lameness in sheep is __________, associated with Bacteroides (Dichelobacter).
In goats, chronic lameness is often associated with __________, a viral infection.
One of the most common causes of chronic lameness in sheep is foot rot, associated with Bacteroides (Dichelobacter).
In goats, chronic lameness is often associated with CAE, a viral infection.
T/F: it’s possible to include both vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals in an ELISA screening program and get accurate results
False
Which one of the following diseases would be considered most contagious in dairy goats?
- Polioencephalomalacia
- Caseous lymphadenitis
- Enterotoxemia
- Tetanus
- Listeriosis
Caseous lymphadenitis
What condition is associated with the Tennessee Fainting Goat breed?
Myotonia congenita
T/F: Proper vaccination for CLA will usually eliminate the risk of most new infections and sometimes cures infected animals
False
Sheep are particularly susceptible to which of the following elements?
- Cobalt
- Iron
- Molybdenum
- Copper
- Manganese
Copper
What is the most common clinical manifestation of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus infection in young goats less than a year of age?
Leukoencephalomyelitis
Of the following sheep breeds, which one has the characteristic of being able to lamb at any time of the year?
- Suffolk
- Southdown
- Dorset
- Merino
- Cheviot
Dorset
What is the approximate age of this sheep?
~2 to 2.5 years
T/F: Treatment of caseous lymphadenitis with large doses of antibiotics usually results in resolution of disease within a couple months
False
There is no effective treatment for this organism :(
Jacob sheep are used as a biological model to study which human disease syndrome?
Tay-Sachs disease
T/F: Culling of infected animals with CLA isn’t necessary due to the fact that the disease isn’t communicable
False
T/F: There are two forms of caseous lymphadenitis: internal and external
True
Sheep often have internal abscesses. Goats often have external abscesses
Contagious ecthyma is also known as __________ or __________
Contagious ecthyma is also known as scabby mouth or orf.
This viral disease is most often seen in lambs and kids and is zoonotic
Identify this heat tolerant beef breed developed in the Caribbean:
Virgin Island White
T/F: Culling is an effective control measure for caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants
True
The most common cause of post-weaning growth retardation in lambs is __________
parasitism
Other causes might be low quality or low quantity feed
Which test gives a definitive diagnosis of CLA?
culture and isolation
Most cases of __________ toxicosis are an acute expression of a chronic problem. This element is closely linked to molybdenum.
copper
What is a common method of transmission of CLA?
draining abscesses
A disease of small ruminants characterized by CNS signs including circling & facial nerve paralysis with zoonotic implications is:
Listeriosis
A Toggenburg goat can be identified by which of the following color markings or characteristics?
- Long floppy ears, body any color
- Erect ears, body white in color
- Black stripes on sides of face, body brown with black underbelly
- White stripes in face, body any color
- White stripes on face, body brown in color
White stripes on face, body brown in color
A herd of goats with pruritic, crusty lesions on the pastern areas would most likely be affected with:
chorioptic mange
Recovery from pregnancy toxemia is unlikely once __________ has developed.
coma/recumbency
A clinical finding in the cerebrospinal fluid that tends to confirm listeriosis is:
increased protein and mononuclear cells
What sheep breed has the characteristic of being able to lamb at any time of the year?
Dorset
Which of the following signs are typical of sheep with CLA?
- Chronic weight loss
- Intense pruritus
- Vestibular signs
- Lameness
Chronic weight loss
Which one of the following tests would be most accurate in diagnosing the suspected viral cause of a swollen carpus in a goat?
- PCR test
- AGID test
- ELISA test
- Bacterial culture and sensitivity testing
- Joint aspiration and cytological evaluation
ELISA test
In addition to depressed growth and anemia, __________ deficiency produces effects on the wool, namely loss of crimp.
Copper
A flock of sheep was showing clinical signs of Iethargy and anemia. A couple of lambs had died. Other sheep were grinding their teeth and showing extreme thirst. Which one of these elements would be at the top of your differential diagnosis of toxicity?
- Iodine
- Selenium
- Copper
- Fluorine
- Sodium
Copper
Which one of these breeds originated in Switzerland?
- Oberhasli
- Boer
- Nubian
- Friesian
- Limousine
Oberhasli
Which of the following sheep breeds is noted for the fine quality of its fleece?
- Awassi
- Merino
- Katahdin
- Romney
- Friesian
Merino
Polioencephalomalacia is a metabolic disease of small ruminants associated with a relative deficiency of __________
thiamine
T/F: The Hampshire breed of sheep is noted to have the ability to have a litter of lambs at one time
False
The _Romanov_ breed of sheep is noted to have the ability to have a litter of lambs at one time
T/F: In pregnancy toxemia, glucose therapy is associated with decreased survival rates
True
Pregnancy toxemia of ruminants may be accompanied by an elevated blood glucose level. Glucose given to an animal with hyperglycemia can increase the death rate
T/F: A common etiology of bacterial pneumonia in sheep is Mannheimia hemolytica
True
Name the parasite most likely to be associated with the clinical sign shown in this kid:
Haemonchus contortus
T/F: Culling animals affected with caseous lymphadenitis is not necessary due to the fact that the disease is not communicable
False
Contact with draining abscess is a common method of spread
What is the best treatment for the meningeal worm that sometimes affects small ruminants?
High levels of Fenbendazole (3-10x the normal dose)
Live animal testing of sheep for scrapie involves examination of:
lymphoid tissue from the 3rd eyelid
Why are Mannheimia-induced pneumonias only observed in goats, sheep, and cattle?
ruminant-specific leukotoxin
What is the causative organism of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants?
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Organism lives in the environment for a very long period of time (up to ~6 months) and transmission occurs by shearing, discharge from abscesses
T/F: In goats the intersex condition is linked to the hornless gene
True
T/F: A common etiology of bacterial pneumonia in sheep is Mannheimia hemolytica
True
T/F: Mild iodine tincture is recommended for disinfection of the umbilicus of Iambs, kids, calves and foals
True
