Bovine Mammary, Herd Health, Vaccinations, Antibiotics

Question 1

What does ELDU stand for?

Answer 1

Extra-label drug use

Question 2

T/F: The standard plate count indicates bacteria that survive pasteurization

Answer 2

False

The standard plate count indicates the number of bacterial colonies per mL of raw milk​

Question 3

Under what circumstance may antibiotics be added to feed in a manner or dose other than that described on the manufacturer’s label?

Answer 3

Feed additive drugs are not allowed to be used in an off-label manner

Question 4

Too high a vacuum level during the milking process of dairy cows may predispose to mastitis by causing:

• Chapping of the teats
• Eversion of the teat sphincter
• Impacts
• Circulatory congestion of the teat
• Damaging the epithelial lining of the streak canal

Answer 4

Eversion of the teat sphincter​

Question 5

Sulfamethazine is banned from use in dairy animals except:

Answer 5

under 20 months

Question 6

What vaccine has been developed by the University of Alaska for use in the reindeer population?

• Paratuberculosis
• Scrapie
• Western encephalitis
• Tuberculosis
• Brucellosis

Answer 6

Brucellosis​

Question 7

More cheese can be made from milk with a lower somatic cell count. What is the upper limit for somatic cell count of milk in the United States?

• 100,000
• 200,000
• 400,000
• 500,000
• 750,000

Answer 7

750,000​

Question 8

The apparatus responsible for opening and closing of the rubber teat cup lining of the milking machine is the:

• Regulator
• Controller
• Pulsator
• Claw
• Air flow meter

Answer 8

Pulsator​

Question 9

Which type of mastitis is usually considered to be environmental?

• Mycoplasma spp.
• Corynebacterium pyogenes
• E. coli
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Streptococcus agalactiae

Answer 9

E. coli​

Question 10

Which one of the following would be considered the most risky time for new udder infections in dairy cows?

• At the time of first estrus during lactation
• The first week after drying off
• At the time of peak milk production
• Mid lactation after the cow is pregnant
• In the middle of the dry period

Answer 10

The first week after drying off​

Question 11

T/F: Production medicine is the summation and charting of herd performances, which then allows management to make herd-based decisions

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Which one of the following bedding materials for dairy cattle would be most acceptable with respect to prevention of mastitis?

• Sawdust
• Cornstalks
• Discarded corn silage
• Sand
• Clean wheat or oat straw

Answer 12

Sand​

Question 13

In the milking process how soon should the inflations be attached to the teats after the udder is first touched

• As soon as possible
• 15 -30 seconds
• 30 - 60 seconds
• 1-1.5 minutes
• Wait at least 2 minutes

Answer 13

1-1.5 minutes

Question 14

Which of the following vaccines needs to be handled with great care because of a risk of possible zoonosis?

• Bovine virus diarrhea
• Bovine brucellosis
• Malignant edema
• Ovine foot rot

Answer 14

Bovine brucellosis​

Question 15

What pathogen is linked to udder suicide?

Answer 15

E. coli

By infecting cows mammary glands, these bacteria are driving milk-making cells to suicide, according to ongoing investigations into costly udder troubles

Question 16

Bulk Milk Tank cultures are an insensitive way to detect the presence of this mastitis organism in a herd:

• Staphylococcus aureus
• Streptococcus agalactiae
• Mycoplasma bovis
• Streptococcus uberis
• Streptococcus dysgalactiae

Answer 16

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 17

Which of the following drugs is banned from use in food animals because tissue residues may lead to direct toxicity in humans?

• Sulfamethazine
• Glycopeptides
• Metronidazole
• Fluoroquinolones used extra label
• Clenbuterol

Answer 17

Clenbuterol​

Question 18

What is purported to be the major advantage of the robotic milking system?

• Decreased stress on the cows
• Feed savings
• Labor savings
• Lower somatic cell counts
• Higher milk production

Answer 18

Labor savings​

Question 19

What is the estimated number of sub-clinical cases of mastitis in a herd for every detected clinical case?

Answer 19

15 to 40

There are 15 to 40 cases of subclinical mastitis for every clinical case​

Question 20

The standard plate count indicates:

• Bacteria that are associated with mastitis
• Bacteria that will grow at refrigeration temperatures
• Bacteria that survive pasteurization
• The number of leukocytes per ml. of raw milk
• The number of bacteria colonies per mL of raw milk

Answer 20

The number of bacteria colonies per mL of raw milk​

Question 21

T/F: Healthy dairy cows normally have a consistent level of electrical conductivity in milk​

Answer 21

True

Question 22

T/F: Over the counter drugs fall under AMDUCA regulations

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Which one of the following is a stated goal of a dairy farm production medicine program?

• To initiate a program if reproductive examinations at a set interval
• To optimize health of cattle with cost becoming a secondary consideration
• To place all animals on a strategic deworming program
• To target an entire area of management where the potential for improvement is greatest
• To initiate a vaccination program to cover any diseases likely to affect herd performance

Answer 23

To target an entire area of management where the potential for improvement is greatest​

Question 24

Impacts occur during machine milking of cows when:

• The inflation is in the rest phase
• Vacuum levels exceed 12 inches of mercury
• Pressure on the inside of the streak canal exceeds pressure on the outside at the beginning of milking
• Pressure on the outside of the streak canal exceeds that on the inside at the end of milking
• The milking machine is removed after vacuum is cut off

Answer 24

Pressure on the outside of the streak canal exceeds that on the inside at the end of milking​

Question 25

To protect food animals against most diseases, the immune response elicited by vaccination should: * Result in the same response as a natural infection * Bind to and neutralize toxins * Resulted in a cell-mediated response * Stimulate the non-specific immune system

Answer 25

**Result in the same response as a natural infection**

Question 26

Pasteurization standards for milk are based upon time and temperature necessary to kill the most heat-resistant milk-borne pathogen that can cause human illness. Pasteurization was initiated _primarily_ to aid in control of: * Brucella abortus * Mycobacterium tuberculosis * Coxiella burnetti * Salmonella typhimurium * E. coli 0157

Answer 26

***Mycobacterium tuberculosis​*** *Currently, Coxiella burnetti is the indicator microoraganism of milk pasteurization because it is the most thermally stable pathogenic microbe present in milk. If this microbe is absent in pasteurized milk, it is generally assured that all other pathogenic microbes will be absent.*

Question 27

In 1996 there were only 121 newly infected brucellosis herds in the United States. By the end of the year there were only 32 known infected herds; two were bison herds and none were dairy herds. Because of the problem of persistent titers from vaccination all states have now switched to using the ________________ vaccine, except Alaska (where vaccination is not allowed.)

Answer 27

**RB 51®**

Question 28

Vaccination plus a reduction in challenge level will decrease a herd’s susceptibility to a disease challenge more than just vaccination or challenge reduction alone. Which of the following increases challenge levels in cattle herds? * Confinement, such as dairy cattle in a dry lot * Social stress, such as mixing cattle in a feedlot * Introduction of a disease carrier into a herd * All of the above * None of the above

Answer 28

**All of the above**

Question 29

T/F: Udder singeing is a dairy management practice used to improve preparation time and milk quality

Answer 29

**True**

Question 30

T/F: Feeding alfalfa hay free choice to close-up dry cows will suppress calcium mobilization by the parathyroids

Answer 30

**True**

Question 31

Which one of the following can be considered a component of an ideal milking system? * A high-level milk pipeline * Small capacity bowl or claw * Manual milking machine removal * Narrow bore liner * Simultaneous pulsation

Answer 31

**Narrow bore liner​**

Question 32

Chris King has a herd of 40 Hereford beef cows. In the past this herd has experienced a few abortions from time to time. All replacement animals are raised on the farm; no animals are purchased except for a bull every other year. This year a few of the cows in the 4 to 6 year old group have been affected with chronic diarrhea and weight loss. Some of the most growthy baby calves have died at about 30 days of age from no apparent cause. The herd is vaccinated yearly for the following diseases: IBR, BVD, BRSV, PI3. What additional vaccinations would you recommend, if any? * Leptospirosis, 7-day clostridial * Vibriosis, leptospirosis, Johne’s * Ostertagia, 7-way clostridial * Tuberculosis, leptospirosis, 7-way clostridial * None

Answer 32

**Vibriosis, leptospirosis, Johne’s**

Question 33

T/F: Chloramphenicol and Clenbuterol are _prohibited_ for off-label use in food animals

Answer 33

**True!**

Question 34

On farms with robot milkers cows choose how often they want to be milked. What is the most important mechanism by which increased frequency of milking increases milk production? * Frequent milking reduces back pressure in the udder * Increased prolactin secretion recruits more secretory cells * More frequent oxytocin release leads to increased production * Milking removes a locally acting lactation inhibition factor * Cows get more used to being milked and produce less adrenalin to interfere with milk letdown.

Answer 34

**Milking removes a locally acting lactation inhibition factor​**

Question 35

Which one of the following statements about cow's milk is true? * Cows milk has a strong acid pH, below 5.0 * Cows milk has a strong alkaline pH above 7.5 * Normal somatic cell count for cow's milk is about 500,000 cells per cmm * Cows milk does not contain lactoferrin, unlike milk from small ruminants * Healthy dairy cows normally have a consistent level of electrical conductivity in milk

Answer 35

**Healthy dairy cows normally have a consistent level of electrical conductivity in milk​**

Question 36

What is AMDUCA?

Answer 36

**Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act**

Question 37

What is the youngest age in which we expect most vaccinations to stimulate protective immunity in calves? * 2 months * 4 months * 6 months * 8 months * 1 year

Answer 37

**4 months**

Question 38

Which vaccine virus is not present in the standard 4-way modified live cattle respiratory vaccine? * BRSV * BVD * PI3 * BLV * IBR

Answer 38

**BLV​**