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therio final > Small Ruminant > Flashcards

Small Ruminant Flashcards

1
Q

What type of breeders are goats and sheep?

A

Short day breeders

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2
Q

What are ways to manipulate the estrous cycle in small ruminants?

A

Induction of estrus
Synchronization of estrus
Increasing prolificacy

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3
Q

What is the goal for small ruminant pregnancies?

A

3 pregnancies in 2 years, always twins

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4
Q

Ways to induce estrus

A

Progesterone impregnanted vaginal devices (CIDR, sponges)
Ram effect
Melatonin
Manipulating length of daylight

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5
Q

Timeline for use of estrus induction in SHEEP

A

Day 0: CIDR insertion
Day 14: CIDR removal, eGC injection
Day 16: Mating/AI
+/- Day 17: Second mating/AI

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6
Q

Timeline for use of estrus induction in GOAT

A

Day 0: CIDR insertion
Day 9: Prostaglandin and eCG injections
Day 11: CIDR removal
Day 13: AI/mating

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7
Q

What species is melatonin used in?

A

Sheep

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8
Q

Light control protocol

A

8-12 weeks of long days
Then, 8-12 weeks short days

..not practical

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9
Q

Cervical anatomy of does and ewes

A

Does: 5 rings, aligned
Ewe: 7 rings, tortuous

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10
Q

4 AI Methods

A

Vaginal
Cervical
Trans-cervical
Laparoscopic

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11
Q

Indirect pregnancy tests

A

Return to estrus

Progesterone >1ng/ml

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12
Q

What maintains pregnancy in doe?

A

CL

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13
Q

What maintains pregnancy in ewe?

A

CL, then placenta after 50 days

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14
Q

How many days post AI can you count fetuses on ultrasound?

A

50 days post AI

Difficult to do this after 90 days

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15
Q

Pregnancy biomarkers

A 
BioPRYN (pregnancy B specific protein)
Estrone sulfate (>50 days)
Placental lactogene (>60 days)
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16
Q

How to induce pregnancy in ewes?

A

Glucocorticoids

17
Q

How to induce pregnancy in does?

A

Glucocorticoids
Prostaglandins
or combination of both

18
Q

What is the major cause of reduced fertility in rams?

A

Epididymitis

19
Q

What bacteria causes lamb epididymitis?

A

Ascending infections - opportunistic bacteria

Actinobacillus, Histophilus

20
Q

How to treat lamb epididymitis?

A

Cull

21
Q

What bacteria causes ram epididymitis?

A

Brucella ovis

Venereal

22
Q

Balanoposthitis

A

Caused by: high protein diet, high urinary urea content, Corynebacterium renale

Necrosis of the penis and sheath

23
Q

What can cause a false pregnancy in goats?

A

Hydrometra
Mucometra
Cloudburst

All cause the goat not to cycle and have high progesterone, but will not have pregnancy biomarkers

24
Q

How to treat false pregnancy?

A

Prostaglandin

Oxytocin

25
Q

Periparturient problems

A 
Pregnancy toxemia
Vaginal prolapse
Hypocalcemia
"Ring womb"
Dystocia
Uterine prolapse
Retained placenta
26
Q

Pregnancy toxemia

A

Not enough nutrients, brain lacks glucose (either primary or secondary causes)
Diagnosed by ketonuria
C-section

27
Q

What should you do to animal with vaginal prolapse?

A

Cull (highly likely to reoccur)

Replacement and retention

28
Q

Ring womb

A

Cervix fails to dilate
C-section
CULL - hereditary

29
Q

When to intervene with dystocia?

A

30 - 30 - 30 rule

Kidding starts, wait 30 minutes
All okay, wait 30 more minutes
All okay, wait another 30 minutes

30
Q

Is it okay for meconium (fetal feces) to be yellow?

A

No

31
Q

Uterine prolapse

A

Post-partum
Clean and replace
Usually doesnt reoccur

32
Q

Retained fetal membranes

A

12-18 hours

Tx usually not necessary

33
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Cause of abortions
Cats
White necrotic foci in cotyledons
Treatment = prevention, identify cats

34
Q

Enzootic abortion of ewes

A

Chlamydophila abortus
Reportable disease
Late term abortions

35
Q

Campylobacteriosis

A

C. jejuni and C. fetus
Most significant cause of abortions in SHEEP
Late abortions
Necrotic areas in liver of fetus

36
Q

Viral organisms

A

Bluetongue virus
Border disease (sheep)
Cache valley virus (sheep)
Akabane virus (goats and sheep)

37
Q

Plant toxicities

A

deformities
V. califoricum
Locoweed, lupine, sudan

therio final (6 decks)

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