Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

therio final > Cows > Flashcards

Cows Flashcards

1
Q

Direct methods for pregnancy diagnosis

A

Ballottment
Palpation (membrane slip, amniotic vesicle, fetus, placentomes)
Ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Indirect methods for pregnancy diagnosis

A 
History (not returning to estrus)
Physical changes
endocrine
Palpation
Pregnancy proteins
Interferon-t stimulates genes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What hormone maintains pregnancy?

A

Interferon t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4 positive signs of pregnancy (palpation per rectum)

A
  1. Fetal membrane slip
  2. Amniotic vesicle
  3. Fetus
  4. Placentomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When are you able to feel the amniotic vesicle?

A

35 - 65 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What defines when an embryo becomes a fetus?

A

Organogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When can you feel placentomes?

A

90 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What artery can you palpate per rectum to feel fremitus?

A

Middle uterine artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fetus size based on age?

A 
Mouse - 60 days
Rat - 90 days
Small cat - 120 days
Large cat - 150 days
Beagle - 180 days
German shepherd - 210 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When can you diagnose pregnancy with ultrasound?

A

25 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

At what day can ultrasound determine fetal sex?

A

62 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What proteins are produced by trophoblast cells and can diagnose pregnancy as early as 30 days?

A

Pregnancy specific protein B
pregnancy associated glycoprotein

***present until 90 days post partum too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fetal mummification

A

When fetus dies but remains sterile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fetal maceration

A

Bacterial contamination

Destruction of tissue, only bones present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What to do with cow with macerated fetus?

A

Cull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What to do with cow with mummified fetus?

A

C-section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hydrops allantois

A

Apple-shaped, accumulated fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hydrops amnii

A

Pear shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fetal anomalies

A

Ascites
Schistosmus reflexus
Perosomus horridus (fused joints)
Perosomus elumbus (fused back legs)

20
Q

Size of amniotic vesicle during gestation

A

Day 30 - 8-10mm (0.5 finger)
Day 40 - 20-20mm (1 finger)
Day 50 - 35-50mm (3 fingers)
Day 60 - 60-75mm (4 fingers)

21
Q

Stages of parturition

A

Preparation
Delivery
Expulsion of fetal membranes

22
Q

First stage: preparation

A 
2-6 hours
Calf rotates
Contractions
Tail raised
Isolation
23
Q

Membranes seen at the beginning of stage 2

A

1 choriallantoic

2 amniotic

24
Q

Length of delivery

A

15-90 minutes

25
Q

After how many hours post delivery is it considered retained fetal membranes (RFM)?

A

> 12 hours

26
Q

What factors play a role in retained fetal membranes?

A

Placentomes do not have musclar tissue
Immune system
Collagenase
Uterine contraction

27
Q

Main causes of dystocia

A
  1. Size disproportion between calf and dam
  2. Abnormal presentation, position, or posture
  3. Twins
  4. Abnormal calves
  5. Other causes (weather, metabolic)
28
Q

Presentation of fetus

A

Fetal spine to dam spine
Anterior or posterior (in longitudinal)
Dorsal or ventral (in tansverse)

29
Q

Position of fetus

A

Dorsum of fetus to maternal pelvis

Dorsosacral
Dorsopubis
Dorso-right ileum
Dorso - left ileum

30
Q

Posture

A

Fetal extremities to its own body

Flexed
Extended
Retained beneath

31
Q

Presentation, position, and posture of normal delivery (eutocia)

A

Presentation: Anterior or posterior
Position: Dorso-sacral
Posture: Normal

32
Q

How to test to see if a fetus is alive or dead in anterior presentation?

A

Swallowing reflex
Pedal reflex
Blinking reflex

33
Q

How to test to see if a fetus is alive or dead in posterior presentation?

A

Pedal reflex
Anal reflex
Pulsating umbilical cord

34
Q

Rule for vaginal delivery in anterior presentation

A

Both pasterns 10-15cm beyond vulva

35
Q

Rule for vaginal delivery in posterior presentation

A

Both hocks appear at vulva

36
Q

Definition of abortion in dairy cattle

A

Loss of fetus between 42 days and 260 days

37
Q

Infectious causes of abortion

A

Viral
Bacterial
Protozoal
Mycotic

38
Q

Non-infectious cases of abortion

A

Drugs
Vitamin deficiency
Toxic plants or substances
Elevated temperature

39
Q

Viruses causing abortion

A

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBR)

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVD)

40
Q

Bovine rhinotracheitis virus

A

Abortions after 4 months
Diagnosed microscopically, serology, virus isolation
Vaccination

41
Q

Bovine viral diarrhea

A

Infection after 4 months gestation = cerebellar hypoplasis, ocular defects, abortion
Vaccination

42
Q

Leptospirosis

A

Invades mucous membranes via urine and products of abortion
Incubation 4-10days
Bacteremia 2 - 6 weeks
Leptospiruria 2-6 months
Acute vs chronic infections
L. borgpetersenii
Causes abortions in third trimesaccination

43
Q

Campylobacteriosis (vibriosis)

A

Veneral disease
Casues endometritis incompatible with embryo development
Prolonged estrous cycle

44
Q

Protozoaa causing abortions

A

Tritrichomonas foetus
Neospora caninum
Sarcosystis
Toxoplasma gondii

45
Q

Tritrichomoniasis

A

Venereal
Infertility, abortion, pyometra
Modified diamonds media to diagnose

46
Q

Neosporosis

A

Abortion in early second trimester
Vertical transmission
Specific lesions in heart and brain of fetus

47
Q

Mycotic abortions

A

Thickened and leathery cotyledons

therio final (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions