SMALL INTESTINE X LARGE INTESTINE Flashcards
Is a convoluted tube, 6-7 meters (about 20 feet) long in a cadaver but only about 2 meters (6 feet) long during life because of its muscle tone.
It extends from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve.
Small intestine
The small intestine is suspended by a double layer of peritoneum, the fan-shaped [. ] , from the posterior abdominal wall, and it lies, framed laterally and superiorly by the large intestine, in the abdominal cavity.
Mesentery
Three Parts of the Small Intestine
(No Actual Division)
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Is the first 25 centimeters (10 inches) of the Small Intestine which form a double loop. It extends from the pyloric sphincter and curves around the head of the pancreas.
Duodenum
Four Parts of the Duodenum:
Superior Duodenum
Descending Duodenum
Transverse Duodenum
Ascending Duodenum
Is the first part of the duodenum that extends up and to the (R) including the duodenal cap or bulb.
Superior Duodenum
Passes downward to the (R) where the Common Bile Duct (CBD) opens into it.
Descending Duodenum
Passes to the (L) across the midline.
Transverse Duodenum
Passes up behind the stomach to join with the Jejunum.
Ascending Duodenum
Approximately 7.5cm to the pylorus is the [. ]which bile and pancreatic juice enter the duodenum.
Hepato-Pancreatic Ampulla
Continuous with the duodenum, extends for 2.5 meters (about 8 feet) long.
Jejunum
The terminal portion of the small intestine, is about 3.6 meters (12 feet) long and joins the large intestine at the ileocecal valve. It is located inferiorly and somewhat to the right in the abdominal cavity, but its major portion lies in the hypogastric region.
Ileum
Is about 1.5 meters (5 feet) long and extends from the ileocecal junction to the anus. It forms an inverted “U” shaped structure that passes up from the (R) lower abdomen to the (R) upper abdomen.
It descends to the (L) lateral abdomen to the pelvis.
Large Intestine or Colon
FOR THE PURPOSE OF LOCALIZING THE DISEASE, THE COLON IS DIVIDED INTO 9 PARTS:
Cecum
Ascending Colon
Hepatic Flexure
Transverse Colon
Splenic Flexure
Descending Colon
Sigmoid or Pelvic Colon
Rectum
Anal Canal
Is that part of the colon that forms a pouch below the ileocecal junction. Its lower end is rounded and closed except an opening to the appendix where it is attached.
Cecum
Varies in length from 2-6 inches in length. It usually lies below the cecum but may also lie behind, medial or lateral to the cecum.
Vermiform Appendix
The [. ] is a continuation with the cecum that is why, feces or fecal material from the cecum may pass in and back out of the appendix.
Lumen or the Cavity of the Appendix
Passes up from the Cecum to the under surface of the liver anterior to the (R) kidney.
Ascending Colon
Is a bend of the colon to the (L) under the (R) liver surface.
Hepatic Flexure/(R) Colic
Passes across the upper abdomen from the hepatic flexure to the spleen in the (L) upper abdomen.
Transverse Colon
Is a bend of the colon where the transverse colon ends.
Splenic Flexure / (L) Colic
Extends down from the splenic flexure to the brim of the pelvis in the (L) lateral abdomen.
Descending Colon
Is the “S” shaped curved part of the distal colon extending from the descending colon to the rectum.
Sigmoid/Pelvic Colon
Is the final part of the colon that extend from the sigmoid to the anus.
Rectum
Is the lower 1 ½ inch of the rectum and ends at an opening, the “anus.”
Anal Canal
The anal canal has two sphincters; a [. ] composed of skeletal muscle,
an [. ]composed of smooth muscle.
Voluntary External Anal Sphincter
Involuntary Internal Anal Sphincter
In the large intestine, the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis external is reduced to three longitudinal muscle bands called the [. ] .
Tenia Coli
Since these bands are shorter than the rest of the wall of the large intestine, they cause the wall to pucker into small pocket-like sacs called [. ] .
Haustra
Are the puckered folds of the colon caused by the arrangement of the longitudinal muscle called the “Tenia Coli”.
Haustra
