Accessory Organs Of Digestion

Question 1

Is a long tapering structure that lies transversely in the upper posterior abdomen behind the duodenum and stomach. Like the duodenum, it is a retroperitoneal organ.

Answer 1

PANCREAS or PANCREATIC GLAND

Question 2

Is it’s blunt, rounded which lies in the curve of the duodenum or C-loop.

Answer 2

Head of the Pancreas

Question 3

Is the long, tapering part extending to the (L) behind the stomach. Tail of the Pancreas – is its pointed (L) end.

Answer 3

Body of the Pancreas

Question 4

Is a hollow tube that extends from the tail, through the body and head to join the Common Bile duct which carries the pancreatic fluid to the duodenum.

Answer 4

Pancreatic Duct/Duct of Wirsung

Question 5

The Pancreas is made up of many minute glands that manufacture and secrete digestive enzyme called [. ] which is collected by these tiny ducts.

Answer 5

Pancreatic fluid or juice

Question 6

Are small clumps of cells scattered throughout the Pancreas. They have no duct, but a secretion “Insulin “is absorbed by the capillary blood vessels and this insulin is necessary for the utilization of Glucose by the cells.

Answer 6

Islets of Langerhans/Islands of Langerhans

Question 7

Absence of Insulin causes

Answer 7

Diabetes

Question 8

Is the largest solid organ in the body and may weigh 3 pounds. It occupies the upper (R) abdomen but extends to the (L) side of the body. When viewed from the front, it is roughly triangular in shape.

Answer 8

LIVER

Question 9

Liver is attached to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall by

Answer 9

Falciform Ligament

Question 10

Are the one responsible in secreting bile into the bile ducts to approximately 1-3 pints per day.

Answer 10

Hepatic cells

Question 11

Is a pear-shaped hollow organ which lies in an impression below the liver that serves as a reservoir for bile.

It is located in the RUQ and opposite the ninth costal cartilage but may also be lower.

Answer 11

GALL BLADDER

Question 12

Is a hollow tube that passes from the gall bladder to join the hepatic duct.

Answer 12

Cystic Duct or Ductus Cysticus

Question 13

Is formed by the union of the (R)Hepatic duct or the Ductus Hepaticus Dexter and (L) Hepatic duct or Ductus Hepaticus Cummunis and cystic duct. It passes down behind the descending duodenum and opens into the “Ampulla of Vater/Hepato-Pancreatic ampulla” which has a sphincter called “Sphincter of Oddi”.

Answer 13

Common Bile Duct or Ductus Choledochus

Question 14

Is another hormone with its source from the duodenum that increases output of enzymic-rich pancreatic juice, stimulates the Gall Bladder to expel stored bile and it relaxes the sphincter of oddi to allow bile and pancreatic juice to enter the duodenum.

Answer 14

Cholecystokinin

Question 15

FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:

Answer 15

1. To take in water, salts, vitamins and food and to digest the food so that it may be absorbed.
2. To absorb these food constituents.
3. To get rid of waste products as feces.

Question 16

Is the breaking up or the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food to simple molecules that can be absorbed and used by body cells.

Answer 16

DIGESTION

Question 17

Is the passage of digested products through lining membrane of the bowel into the blood or lymph capillaries.

Answer 17

ABSORPTION

Question 18

Are complex organic compounds containing nitrogen. They are found in lean meat (muscles), milk, eggs, grains and beans. Protein must be digested to “Amino acids” before they can be absorbed, which is necessary for the building up and repair of body cells.

Answer 18

Protein

Question 19

Includes starches and sugar. This must be digested into simple sugar such as Glucose and Fructose before it is absorbed.

Answer 19

Carbohydrates

Question 20

Are also complex molecules of fatty acids and glycerin. Fats should be first emulsified by the bile or broken up into minute globules and splitted into fatty acid and glycerin before it is absorbed.

Answer 20

Fats