Small Group 1 Patterns of Respiratory Dysfunction Flashcards
PEFR
Peak expiatory flow rate
FVC
forced vital capacity
FEV1
forced expiratory volume in 1 sec
FEV1/FVC
It represents the proportion of a person’s vital capacity that they are able to expire in the first second of expiration
RV
reserve volume
TLC
total lung capacity (L)
VC includes which volumes?
expiratory reserve volume
inspiratory reserve volume
tidal volume
ERV+ IRV+ TV
Inspiratory capacity includes which volumes?
IRV +TV
What volumes are included in functional reserve capacity (FRC)?
FRC= ERV + RV
Functional reserve capacity is end respiratory volume and the residual volume
MVV
minute voluntary ventilation
Pulmonary fibrosis causes ____ reduction in volume.
symmetric
Plethsmography measures ___________ and then ERV can be subtracted to find RV.
plethysmography measures FRC
What clinical sign is used to diagnose restrictive disease?
reduced TLC
Reduced FVC occurs in (obstructive, restrictive, both) disease.
both
Would you expect someone who has obstructive pulmonary disease due to obesity to have a increased, decreased or normal RV?
obesity is likely to have a
When TLC is increased it is usually because ____ is increased.
compliance
What is the line that separates intra thoracic and extra thoracic?
sternal notch
What factors effect diffusion?
alveolar surface area membrane thickness hemoglobin concentration V/Q (flow) distribution pulmonary capillary volume carboxyhemoglobin
Would the following conditions show low DLco? Emphysema asthma lung fibrosis dyspnea (obesity and anemia) mild CHF
emphysema: decreased diffusion
asthma: normal or slightly increased due to labored breathing
lung fibrosis: decreased
dyspnea: obesity decrease (decrease cap.filling)
dyspnea: anemia decrease
mild CHF: increased (due to increased pulmonary cap filling pressure)
Asthma is what type of disorder?
obstructive, note hypersensitivity pneumonitis is not an obstructive process
Air trapping has what effect on FVC?
decreases it, air trapping will cause RV to increase
What are the sounds produced when mucus is found in the med-small airways v. the trachea?
med-small airways- wheezing
trachea- rhonchi
Give the rule of thumb to estimate the predicted MVV.
expected value should be 30x the FEV1, remember the maneuver is effort dependent and is a nonspecific method of screening for many obstructions/condiitons
Pressure gradient between airway and ATM pressure causes what type of variable obstruction? How about gradient between lung parenchyma and airway?
extrathoracic (atmospheric pressure exceeds airway pressure)
intrathoracic (pleural pressure exceeds airway pressure)
Why do asthma and MILD CHF occur with normal or increased diffusion capacity?
capillaries are intact and increased negative pleural pressures during inspiration (asthma) or elevated left atrial pressure (CHF) can cause increased alveolar capillary blood volume