Small Group 1 Patterns of Respiratory Dysfunction

Question 1

PEFR

Answer 1

Peak expiatory flow rate

Question 2

FVC

Answer 2

forced vital capacity

Question 3

FEV1

Answer 3

forced expiratory volume in 1 sec

Question 4

FEV1/FVC

Answer 4

It represents the proportion of a person’s vital capacity that they are able to expire in the first second of expiration

Question 5

RV

Answer 5

reserve volume

Question 6

TLC

Answer 6

total lung capacity (L)

Question 7

VC includes which volumes?

Answer 7

expiratory reserve volume
inspiratory reserve volume
tidal volume
ERV+ IRV+ TV

Question 8

Inspiratory capacity includes which volumes?

Answer 8

IRV +TV

Question 9

What volumes are included in functional reserve capacity (FRC)?

Answer 9

FRC= ERV + RV

Functional reserve capacity is end respiratory volume and the residual volume

Question 10

MVV

Answer 10

minute voluntary ventilation

Question 11

Pulmonary fibrosis causes ____ reduction in volume.

Answer 11

symmetric

Question 12

Plethsmography measures ___________ and then ERV can be subtracted to find RV.

Answer 12

plethysmography measures FRC

Question 13

What clinical sign is used to diagnose restrictive disease?

Answer 13

reduced TLC

Question 14

Reduced FVC occurs in (obstructive, restrictive, both) disease.

Answer 14

both

Question 15

Would you expect someone who has obstructive pulmonary disease due to obesity to have a increased, decreased or normal RV?

Answer 15

obesity is likely to have a

Question 16

When TLC is increased it is usually because ____ is increased.

Answer 16

compliance

Question 17

What is the line that separates intra thoracic and extra thoracic?

Answer 17

sternal notch

Question 18

What factors effect diffusion?

Answer 18

alveolar surface area
membrane thickness
hemoglobin concentration
V/Q (flow) distribution
pulmonary capillary volume
carboxyhemoglobin

Question 19

Would the following conditions show low DLco? 
Emphysema
asthma
lung fibrosis
dyspnea (obesity and anemia)
mild CHF

Answer 19

emphysema: decreased diffusion
asthma: normal or slightly increased due to labored breathing
lung fibrosis: decreased
dyspnea: obesity decrease (decrease cap.filling)
dyspnea: anemia decrease
mild CHF: increased (due to increased pulmonary cap filling pressure)

Question 20

Asthma is what type of disorder?

Answer 20

obstructive, note hypersensitivity pneumonitis is not an obstructive process

Question 21

Air trapping has what effect on FVC?

Answer 21

decreases it, air trapping will cause RV to increase

Question 22

What are the sounds produced when mucus is found in the med-small airways v. the trachea?

Answer 22

med-small airways- wheezing

trachea- rhonchi

Question 23

Give the rule of thumb to estimate the predicted MVV.

Answer 23

expected value should be 30x the FEV1, remember the maneuver is effort dependent and is a nonspecific method of screening for many obstructions/condiitons

Question 24

Pressure gradient between airway and ATM pressure causes what type of variable obstruction? How about gradient between lung parenchyma and airway?

Answer 24

extrathoracic (atmospheric pressure exceeds airway pressure)

intrathoracic (pleural pressure exceeds airway pressure)

Question 25

Why do asthma and MILD CHF occur with normal or increased diffusion capacity?

Answer 25

capillaries are intact and increased negative pleural pressures during inspiration (asthma) or elevated left atrial pressure (CHF) can cause increased alveolar capillary blood volume