Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3 MOD > Small animal vaccination and pet travel > Flashcards

Small animal vaccination and pet travel Flashcards

1
Q

What are the reasons to vaccinate?

A
  • Responsible pet ownership – annually, get a full health check up
  • Having an annual check up with a vet means we can spot other clinical disease earlier
  • Maintains a healthy pet population
  • Reduces deaths
  • Reduces incidence of zoonoses
  • Validates insurance policies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are maternally derived antibodies derived?

A

From the dam via colostrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the importance of maternally derived antibodies?

A

Passive transfer of maternal immunoglobulins is VITAL for protection of the neonate against respiratory, enteric and systemic infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do maternally derived antibodies affect vaccination?

A
  • MDA inhibit the development neonatal immunoglobulins until the maternally-derived antibodies have been degraded
  • A neonates’ immune system cannot respond effectively to vaccination until MDAs have waned off (can take several months)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 types of vaccine?

A
  • Modified live
  • Killed
  • Recombinant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe each of the 3 types of vaccine

A
  • Modified live: contain a virus that has been modified to lose its disease-causing ability (attenuation)
  • Killed: attenuated through a process that results in their death
  • Recombinant: part of the genetic sequence of the virus/bacterium are isolated that encode immunogenic proteins in patients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give an examples of each of the 3 vaccine types

A
  • Modified live = smallpox
  • Killed = L4
  • Recombinant = FeLV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the BSAVA’s 4 canine core vaccines?

A
  • Distemper
  • Hepatitis
  • Parvovirus
  • Leptospirosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the features of canine distemper virus including:

  • Route of infection
  • Incubation period
  • Clinical signs
A

ROI = inhalation
Incubation = 3-10 days
Clinical signs:
- Respiratory, alimentary, oculo-nasal signs 2 wks post infection
- Neurological signs 4 wks post infection
- Hyperkeratosis of nose and foot pads around 3 months post infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Canine infectious hepatitis is caused by which virus?

A

Canine adenovirus 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Canine adenovirus 2 is associated with?

A

Respiratory disease (Kennel cough complex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the features of canine infectious hepatitis including:

  • Route of infection
  • Dogs affected
  • Clinical signs
A

ROI = saliva, faeces, urine
Affects dogs less than 6 months old
Clinical signs:
- ‘blue eye’ (20% of cases), pyrexia, lethargy, cranial abdominal pain, V/D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the features of canine parvovirus including:

  • Route of infection
  • Incubation period
  • Clinical signs
A

ROI = Faeco-oral (HIGHLY INFECTIOUS)
Incubation = 4-7 days
Clinical signs:
- lethargy, vomiting, profuse diarrhoea (haemorrhagic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can canine parvovirus be efficiently diagnosed?

A

Faecal snap - result in 8 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do positive cases of canine parvovirus need to be treated?

A

Isolation, intense medical support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Leptospirosis has the zoonotic potential to cause which disease in human?

A

Weil’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where are leptiosprires secreted from?

A

Rodent urine and can then survive in water for months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the features of Leptospirosis including:

  • Route of infection
  • Clinical signs
A

ROI = ingestion of infected urine from dog or rat or rat bites
Clinical signs:
- Vary from subacute ⟺ renal/hepatic damage depending on serovar and host immunity
- Acute/subacute jaundice, haemorrhagic syndrome, uraemic syndrome, chronic active hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is leptospirosis diagnosed and treated?

A

Diagnosis - clinical signs, culture/microscopy from blood/urine/tissue, MAT, PCR, ELISA (SNAP)
- Treatment: supportive and IV penicillins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the lepto-2 vaccine and its dosing

A
  • Active immunization of dogs against 2 strains of leptospira
  • Interval of 2-4 weeks between 1st and 2nd vaccination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the main benefit of lepto-2 vaccine?

A

Allows early puppy socialisation due to short dosing interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the lepto-4 vaccine and its dosing

A
  • Active immunization of dogs against 4 strains of leptospira
  • Interval of 4 weeks between 1st and 2nd vaccination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the importance of lepto being a killed vaccine?

A

It requires annual vaccination

24
Q

What are the 2 components of kennel cough?

A
  • Canine parainfluenza virus

- Bordetella bronchiseptica

25
Q

Describe vaccination of canine parainfluenza

A
  • Live attenuated injectable vaccine exists to reduce clinical signs and viral shedding – not prevention
  • Licensed from 8 weeks of age, recommended to give another dose 2-4 weeks later
  • If a dog is getting intra-nasal KC then there is no requirement for injectable vaccine
26
Q

Describe the features of Kennel cough including:

  • Route of infection
  • Clinical signs
A
  • ROI = inhalation (highly infectious)

- Clinical signs: sudden-onset honking goose cough, upper resp signs, tracheitis

27
Q

Describe the onset of immunity post-vaccination for both components of kennel cough

A
  • B. bronchiseptica immunity 72 hours post vaccination

- CPi immunity 3 weeks post vaccination

28
Q

Herpes vaccination is only licenced in?

A

Pregnant bitches

- vaccinate the dam to give passive immunity to pups

29
Q

What is the dosing schedule of the 3 herpes virus vaccinations?

A

First injection: Either during heat or 7 – 10 days after the presumed date of mating.
Second injection: 1 to 2 weeks before the expected date of whelping.
Revaccination: during each pregnancy, according to the same schedule.

30
Q

Describe the vaccination schedule for DHP

A
  • 1st vaccination with DHP at 6-8 weeks old
  • 2nd vaccination with DHP 2-4 weeks later (must be at least 10wks old)
  • Primary booster vaccine at 1 year old with DHP, then every 3 years
31
Q

Describe the vaccination schedule for Lepto and KC

A
  • Lepto initial dose at 8 weeks and then 2-4 weeks later and then annually (L4 must be 4 weeks old)
  • Intranasal KC given at 8 weeks then annually (sometimes left till later as a lot for 1st puppy visit, can wait until 12 weeks!)
32
Q

What are the 3 feline core vaccines?

A
  • Feline panleukopenia (FPV)
  • Feline herpes virus
  • Feline calicivirus
33
Q

Which viruses are responsible for cat flu?

A
  • Feline herpes virus

- Feline calicivirus

34
Q

What are the two non-core feline vaccines?

A
  • Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)

- Rabies

35
Q

Describe the features of Cat flu including:

  • Route of infection
  • Clinical signs
A

ROI = nasal, oral or conjunctival, also sharing of food bowls
Clinical signs:
- rhinitis, conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, sneezing

36
Q

What are the clinical signs of feline calicivirus?

A 
Chronic gingivitis/stomatitis 
Lingual ulceration (90% + on PCR swab) and polyarthritis/transient limp
37
Q

What are the clinical signs of feline herpes virus?

A
  • corneal ulceration, chemosis, punctate keratitis (uptake of green stain when placed in the eye)
38
Q

Which feline core virus can produce life long carriers?

A

Feline herpes virus

39
Q

Where does feline panleucopenia virus attack in the body?

A
  • Attacks rapidly dividing cells
  • Intestinal epithelium → diarrhoea and vomiting as well as weight loss
  • No crypts in the villi so no absorption
  • Bone marrow → panleucopenia
  • Foetuses → cerebellar hypoplasia, hypermetria
40
Q

Feline panleucopenia virus is similar to which canine virus?

A

Canine parvovirus -2

Feline panleucopenia is caused by feline parvovirus

41
Q

Describe the features of Feline leukaemia virus including:

  • Route of infection
  • Clinical signs
A

ROI = Primarily saliva

Clinical signs: Immunosuppression, concurrent infections, anaemia, neoplasia

42
Q

How is feline leukaemia virus diagnosed and treated?

A

Diagnosis: easy SNAP test from blood (positive result in a healthy cat is suspicious, re-test 12 wks later incase of ‘regressor’ response)
Treatment: supportive treatment for recurrent infections, ensure FeLV positive cats are neutered and are indoor-only

43
Q

TriCat contains which vaccines?

A

Panleukopenia
Herpes
Calicivirus

44
Q

Describe a feline vaccination schedule

A
  • 9 weeks old (1st vac): TriCat (panleukopenia, herpes and calicivirus) +/- FeLV
  • 12 weeks old (2nd vac): TriCat +/- FeLV
  • 1 year old (primary booster) - TriCat +/- FeLV
  • 2 year old – Ducat
  • 3 year old – Ducat
  • 4 year old – TriCat +/- FeLV
45
Q

Ducat contains which vaccines?

A

Herpes and Calicivirus

46
Q

Describe the restart protocol for canine vaccines

A

Viral dog vaccines (DHPPi) require a single dose of vaccine to re-start
Leptospirosis DOI wanes rapidly after 1 year, thus full re-start optimal
Canine re-start vaccination protocol:
- 1st re-start: DHPPi + L4
- 4 wks later: L4

47
Q

What can occur at the injection site in cats?

A

Feline Injection Site Sarcoma

48
Q

Describe the 3-2-1 rule for monitoring post-vaccine reaction

A
  • 3 months: any mass at site of injection 3 mo or more after vaccination
  • 2cm: any mass being more than 2cm in diameter after vaccination
  • 1 month: any mass which increases in size 1 mo after vaccination
49
Q

How can feline injection site sarcomas be prevented?

A
  • Vaccinate only as frequently as necessary
  • Allow vaccines to reach room-temp prior to administering as may reduce inflammatory response
  • Vaccinate in the distal limbs as radical surgical removal easier via amputation
50
Q

Animal health certificates are issued by?

A

Official veterinarians

51
Q

Pet dog/cat/ferret can enter UK if?

A
  • Microchipped
  • Has a pet passport
  • Has been vaccinated against rabies
  • Dogs had tapeworm tx (praziquantel or equivalent) 24-120 hours prior to returning to UK
52
Q

If an animal is coming from an unlisted country what must it have alongside a rabies vaccine?

A

A blood titre test

53
Q

An animal must travel within how many days of an animal health certificate being issued?

A

10

54
Q

How long does an animal health certificate last?

A

4 months

55
Q

What are the clinical signs of rabies?

A

Behavioural changes, hypersalivation → aggression/hyperexcitation → paralysis and death

56
Q

Describe the vaccination schedule for rabies and how long after a vaccine can an animal travel?

A
  • Vaccine takes 21 days to achieve immunity, therefore can’t travel until 21 days post vaccination
  • Booster every 3 years but some countries annually (check with country requirements)

Y3 MOD (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions