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Clinical Anatomy > Small Animal Spinal Column > Flashcards

Small Animal Spinal Column Flashcards

1
Q

how many cervical vertebrae do cats and dogs have

A

7

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2
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae do cats/dogs have

A

13

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3
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae do cats/dogs have

A

7

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4
Q

how many sacral vertebrae do cats/dogs have

A

3

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5
Q

how many cocygeal vertebrae do dogs have? wb cats?

A

dogs: 20-23
cats: 18-21

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6
Q

what is the term for where the nerves of the vertebrae come out?

A

articular facets

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7
Q

the vertebral arch protects the ?

A

spinal cord

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8
Q

what lies in between the veretebral bodies

A

intervertebral discs

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9
Q

the shape of C1 (atlas) allows for what movement

A

rotation of the head

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10
Q

C2 = ?

A

axis

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11
Q

odontoid process AKA

A

dens

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12
Q

What is the atlantoaxial joint

A

between C1-C2 since there is no intervertebral disk between them

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13
Q

what is 5?

A

dens

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14
Q

what is 6?

A

spinous process of axis

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15
Q

what is 2?

A

atlantoaxial joint

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16
Q

dens melformations and weakness of the ligamentous structure, results in cervical pain and neurologcal deficits

A

Hypoplastic Dens Atlantoaxial (A-A) subluxation

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17
Q

what breeds are more prone to A-A subluxation

A

miniature and toy

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18
Q

what ligament keeps C1-C2 in place

A

dorsal atlantoaxial ligament

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19
Q

what ligament holds onto the dens

A

transverse

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20
Q

what is wrong here

A

A-A subluxation

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21
Q

what cervical verterbrae is easily distinguished by its large transverse process

A

C6

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22
Q

C6-T2 contain the nerves of the ….

A

brachial plexus

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23
Q

what is spinal intumescence

A

the concentration of lower motor neurons

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24
Q

is this a feline or canine spinal column?

A

feline

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25
Q

is this a feline or canine spinal column

A

canine

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26
Q

what vertebrae is anticlinal and what does it indicate

A

T11
direction of spinal processes chagne

27
Q

Ligament that lies on the floor of the vertebral canal and runs from the dens to the sacrum

A

dorsal longitudinal ligament

28
Q

the intercapital ligaments run between rib heads from T_ - T_

A

T2-T11

29
Q

What are the 4 sacral ligaments in a canine

A

dorsal sacroiliac
sacrum
first coccygeal vertebrae
sacrotuberous ligament

30
Q

what sacral ligament do canines have that felines don’t

A

sacrotuberous ligament

31
Q

which is wider the cervical or lumbar spinal canal?

A

cervical

32
Q

the lumbosacral spine runs from L__ - S___

A

L7-S1

33
Q

what are the landmarks for an epidural

A

ilial wings
dorsal spinous process of L7
sacral vertebrae

34
Q

where does the spinal cord terminate

A

L6-L7

35
Q

caudally streaming spinal roots that innervate the pelvic viscera and tail

A

cauda equina

36
Q

what is another name for Lumbosacral stenosis

A

cauda equina syndrome

37
Q

lumbosacral stenosis can affect the nerve roots of what nerves? (5)

A

femoral
sciatic
pudendal
pelvic
coccygeal

38
Q

the number of coccygeal vertebrae can range from ___-____ ; dependent on breed

A

6-23

39
Q

what is a block vertebrae

A

results from the fusion of 2 or more vertebral bodies
most common in the cervical region

40
Q

block vertebrae may increase the patients risk for what other ailment

A

intervertebral disc disease

41
Q

what bone is a ‘normal’ block vertebra

A

sacrum

42
Q

term for the failure of development and ossification of part of the vertebral; can lead to compression of spinal cord

A

hemivertebrae

43
Q

what is this

A

transitional vertebrae

44
Q

what is screw tial and what breed is most susceptible

A

malformation of one of the vertebrae in the tail
bulldogs

45
Q

what is the treatment for screw tail

A

amputation

46
Q

which species tends to have shorter, blockier vertebrae

A

dogs

47
Q

what is circled and where is it

A

dens, C2(axis)

48
Q

compared to dogs, cat vertebral bodies and transverse processes are ______ and their intervertebral discs tend to be ______

A

longer
narrower

49
Q

the interlocking ______ of the thoracic vertebrae allows for flexion and extension

A

articulation

50
Q

why are spinal compression issues like IVDD less likely to happen around T2-T11

A

this is where the intercapital ligaments run so the areas is a bit more stable

51
Q

what spinal canal does the yellow arrow point to? (look at white line)

A

yellow = cervical spinal canal

52
Q

what spinal canal does the yellow arrow point to?

A

lumbar spinal canal

53
Q

where is an epidural given

A

lumbosacral region

54
Q

due to the differential growth of the vertebrae and spinal cord, most of the spinal cord segments are positioned _____ to their corresponding vertebrae

A

cranial

55
Q

what issue is this

A

cauda equina syndrome

56
Q

what area does block vertebrae most commonly occur

A

cervical region

57
Q

what is manx cat syndrome

A

abnormal development of the sacral and coccygeal vertebrae

58
Q

what nerve should you be aware of when giving epaxial muscle IM injections?

A

sciatic

59
Q

what are the 2 main parts of an intervertebral disc

A

annulus fibrosus (more external)
nucleus pulposus

60
Q

in IVDD, what part of the intervertebral disc dehydrates, becoming dry and brittle

A

nueclous pulposus

61
Q

what breeds are predisposed to IVDD

A

Daschunds and other chondrodystropic breeds

62
Q

explain type I IVDD

A

nucleous pulposus is herniated upwards, causes swelling and inflammation

63
Q

explain type II IVDD

A

intervertebral disc get squished b/w adjacent verterbral bodies, causing the annulus fibrosus to buldge upward

  • associated with old age and prevelant in German Shepherds

Clinical Anatomy (7 decks)

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