Small Animal Medicine IV (31-39, 41) Flashcards
Identify the canine nasal airway.
Describe the general pathophysiology of nasal disorders.
What are the clinical signs of nasal disorders?
What does serious discharge look like and indicate in the canine?
What does serious discharge look like and indicate in the feline?
What does mucopurulent discharge look like and indicate in the feline?
What does mucopurulent discharge look like and indicate in the canine?
What does hemmorhagic discharge look like and indicate in the canine/feline?
Describe the general diagnostic approach to a patient with nasal discharge.
What kind of infection do these lesions indicate?
Describe a phase I diagnostic approach to chronic nasal discharge.
Describe a phase II diagnostic approach to chronic nasal discharge.
Describe a phase III diagnostic approach to chronic nasal discharge.
Describe a phase IV diagnostic approach to chronic nasal discharge.
Why should you never blindly push your rhinoscope beyond the level of the medial canthus?
Describe a nasal swab as a diagnostic test for a patient with nasal discharge.
Identify the pathogen in this cytology slide.
Describe a nasal flush as a diagnostic test for a patient with nasal discharge.
Describe a punch biopsy as a diagnostic test for a patient with nasal discharge.
_____ is the preferred nonsurgical method of nasal specimen collection.
Describe a turbinectomy as a diagnostic test for a patient with nasal discharge.
Identify the pathology.
Identify the pathology.
Identify the pathogen.
What is a feline URI? How is it contracted?
What are the classical URI signs in a cat?
List the different etiological agents of a feline URI.
How do we diagnose feline URIs?
How do we treat feline URIs?
What is bacterial rhinitis?
Describe the general treatment for bacterial rhinitis.
Identify the most likely fungal disease in this cat.
What is the most likely fungal disease that this dog has?
What is Cryptococcus neoformans?
What are the clinical signs of feline cryptococcus?
How do we diagnose feline cryptococcus?
How do we treat feline cryptococcus?
What are the guidelines for the treatment of feline cryptococcus?
What is the prognosis for feline cryptococcus?
What is Aspergillosis?
What are the clinical signs of canine aspergillosis?
Describe the use of radiography to diagnose canine aspergillosis.
Describe the use of CT to diagnose canine aspergillosis.
Describe the use of rhinscopy to diagnose canine aspergillosis.
Describe the use of cytology/histopathology to diagnose canine aspergillosis.
Describe the use of fungal culture to diagnose canine aspergillosis.
Describe the use of serology to diagnose canine aspergillosis.
What are the treatment options for canine aspergillosis?
What is the prognosis for canine aspergillosis?
What are some complications associated with canine aspergillosis?
What are the clinical signs of nasal mites? How do we diagnose and treat it?
What is the most common signalment and clinical signs in a patient with feline nasopharyngeal polyps?
What is the treatment for feline nasopharyngeal polyps?
Describe the prevalence of nasal neoplasia.
Describe the prevalence of nasal neoplasia.
List the different kinds of epithelial nasal neoplasias we may find in our small animal patients.
List the different kinds of mesenchymal nasal neoplasias we may find in our small animal patients.
List the different kinds of discrete round cell nasal neoplasias we may find in our small animal patients.
What are the clinical signs of nasal neoplasia in our small animal patients?
What may you see in the radiograph of a patient with nasal neoplasia?
How do we diagnose and stage nasal neoplasia?
What are the treatment options for a patient with nasal neoplasia?
What is the prognosis in a patient with nasal neoplasia? What are the different survival factors?
What is allergic rhinitis? What are the clinical signs?
How do we diagnose and treat allergic rhinitis?
What is feline chronic rhinosinusitis? What are the clinical signs?
How do we treat feline chronic rhinosinusitis?
Describe canine lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis.
What is the treatment for canine lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis?
Identify the anatomy.
Identify the anatomy.
Identify the anatomy.
The hallmark signs of laryngeal disease regardless of etiology are _____.
Respiratory distress and stridor
What are some of the clinical signs of laryngeal disease?
What is a respiratory paradoxical motion?
Laryngeal disease (paralysis in particular) may be associated with ____.
What are your differentials for laryngeal disease?
What are the clinical signs of pharyngeal disease?
What are your differentials for pharyngeal disease?
Describe the use of radiography as a diagnostic tool from pharyngeal/laryngeal disease.
Describe the use of fluoroscopy as a diagnostic tool from pharyngeal/laryngeal disease.
Describe the use of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for pharyngeal/laryngeal disease.
Describe the use of scoping as a diagnostic tool for pharyngeal/laryngeal disease.
Describe the general process of a laryngeal paralysis exam.
Which of these images represents the larynx during inspiration? expiration?
What is a common cause of stertor in the dog and cat?
What is laryngeal paralysis?
What are potential causes of laryngeal paralysis?
What are some diseases that can contribute to the manifestation of laryngeal paralysis?
What is the #1 cause of laryngeal paralysis in small animals?
What breed is over represented when it comes to laryngeal paralysis?
Describe the most common clinical presentation for a patient with laryngeal paralysis.
How do we diagnose laryngeal paralysis?
Describe the emergency treatment of a laryngeal paralysis patient in crisis.
Describe the surgical and medical treatment for laryngeal paralysis.
What is the prognosis and most common complication in a patient with laryngeal paralysis?
What are the clinical signs associated with brachycephalic airway syndrome?
What are the 4 anatomic abnormalities that makes up brachycephalic airway syndrome?
Identify the different parts of the BOAS algorithm.
Identify the anatomical abnormality in this picture that contributes to BOAS.
Identify the anatomical abnormality in this picture that contributes to BOAS.
Identify the anatomical abnormality in this picture that contributes to BOAS.
Identify the anatomical abnormality in this picture that contributes to BOAS.
What are the clinical signs of BOAS?
How do we diagnose BOAS?
How do we treat BOAS?
What are the different kinds of laryngeal neoplasias we see in the dog and the cat?
What are the clinical signs of laryngeal neoplasia in the dog/cat?
How do we diagnose laryngeal neoplasia in the dog/cat?
How do we treat laryngeal neoplasia in the dog/cat?
List the different important anatomical structures of the lower respiratory tract.
What is a cough? List some of the different characteristics of a cough.
What is a productive cough?
What is a non-productive cough?
Describe the pathophysiology of exercise intolerance.
What should we evaluate and note in our patients with respiratory distress?
List the general causes of inspiratory respiratory distress.
List the general causes of expiratory respiratory distress.
What should be included in our initial evaluation or diagnostic approach to a patient with respiratory disease?
What are bronchial lung sounds?
What are vesicular lung sounds?
What are abnormal lung (breath) sounds?
Describe the importance of radiographs in working up a patient with respiratory disease.
What phase of respiration is maximized to get the best thoracic radiographs?
You should take radiographic views during ____ and utilize ____.
____ should be performed to evaluate the trachea and upper airway structures if clinical signs suggest.
Identify the radiographic anatomy.
Identify the radiographic anatomy.
Identify the radiographic anatomy.
What lung lobes most commonly twist?
Which lung lobes are prone to atelectasis, collapse or pneumonia?
What are the 4 main pulmonary patterns?
Identify the radiographic anatomy.
Identify the radiographic anatomy.
Identify the pathology.
Identify the pulmonary pattern.
Identify the pulmonary pattern.
Identify the pulmonary pattern.
Identify the pulmonary pattern.
Identify the pathology in this radiograph.
Identify the pathology in this radiograph.
What does lung lobe consolidation look like on radiographs?
What does lung atelectasis look like on radiographs?
What do pulmonary cavitary lesions consolidation look like on radiographs?
What do we use angiography for in relation to respiratory disease?
What do we use ultrasonography for in relation to respiratory disease?
What do we use CT/MRI for in relation to respiratory disease?
What do we use nuclear imaging for in relation to respiratory disease?
Why and how do we use parasitology testing in our patients with respiratory disease?
Why and how do we use serology testing in our patients with respiratory disease?
What are the different techniques for a tracheal wash?
What are the different techniques for a bronchoalveolar lavage?
What diagnostic procedure is being performed on this dog?
What diagnostic procedure is being performed on this cat?
What kinds of cells should you find a normal cytology of a TTW?
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What is the use for a transthoracic lung aspiration? What are the complications?
Why do we use bronchoscopy in our respiratory patients?
Identify the diagnostic procedure.
Identify the diagnostic procedure.
Describe the pathology in this cytological sample from a BAL.
What is the indication for a thoracolumbar/thorascopy?
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What is the #1 major presenting clinical sign of lower respiratory tract disease?
List some common diseases of the trachea and bronchi.
Describe the pathophysiology of CIRDC.
Describe the pathophysiology of CIRDC.
Describe the most common signalment/history of a patient with CIRDC.
What are the clinical signs of canine ITB/CIRDC?
What will you find on physical exam of a patient with canine ITB/CIRDC?
How do we diagnose canine ITB/CIRDC?
How do we treat uncomplicated canine ITB/CIRDC?
How do we treat complicated canine ITB/CIRDC?
How do we prevent canine ITB/CIRDC?
What is canine chronic bronchitis?
Describe the signalment most consistent with canine chronic bronchitis? What are some secondary complications?
How do we diagnose canine chronic bronchitis?
How do we treat canine chronic bronchitis?
What is feline bronchitis?
What are some differentials for idiopathic feline bronchitis?
What is the most common clinical signs and signalment of a patient with feline bronchitis?
How do we classify feline bronchial disease?
How do we diagnose feline bronchitis?
Describe the emergency treatment for feline bronchitis.
Describe the chronic treatment for feline bronchitis.
Describe the pathophysiology of a collapsing trachea.
Describe the most common signalment of a patient with a collapsing trachea.
Identify the different grades of tracheal collapse.
List the clinical signs of a tracheal collapse.
How do we diagnose collapsing tracheas?
Describe how we treat collapsing tracheas in the stable patient.
Describe how we treat collapsing tracheas in the unstable patient.
List some of the etiological agents of viral pneumonia.
Describe the pathophysiology of canine influenza.
What clinical signs are associated with canine influenza?
How do we diagnose canine influenza?
How do we treat canine influenza?
How do we prevent canine influenza?
Describe the pathophysiology of bacterial pneumonia.
What are some common etiological agents of bacterial pneumonia?
What clinical signs are associated with bacterial pneumonia?
What will you see on radiographs of a patient with bacterial pneumonia?
What will you see on the CBC of a patient with bacterial pneumonia?
How do we treat bacterial pneumonia?
What is aspiration pneumonia? What are some predisposing factors?
What etiological agents are most common in canine fungal pneumonia?
What etiological agents are most common in feline fungal pneumonia?
What clinical signs are associated with fungal pneumonia?
What does fungal pneumonia look like on radiographs?
Besides radiographs, what other diagnostic tools can we use to diagnose fungal pneumonia?
How do we treat fungal pneumonia?
Describe Paragonimus kellicotti as an etiological agent for parasitic pneumonia.
Describe Aelurostrongylus abstrusus as an etiological agent for parasitic pneumonia.
You find this parasite on an oral swab sample, identify it.
Describe Capillaria aerophila as an etiological agent of parasitic pneumonia.
Describe primary pulmonary tumors.
Describe metastatic pulmonary tumors.
What is feline lung-digit syndrome?
Identify the pulmonary neoplasia.
What is pulmonary hypertension?
List the different causes of pulmonary hypertension?
What clinical signs are associated with pulmonary hypertension?
How do we use radiographs to diagnose pulmonary hypertension?
How do we treat pulmonary hypertension?
Describe the pathophysiology of a pulmonary thromboembolism.
What clinical signs are associated with a pulmonary thromboembolism?
How do we diagnose a pulmonary thromboembolism?
How do we treat a pulmonary thromboembolism?
Describe the pathophysiology of pulmonary edema.
What radiographic changes would you expect to see in a patient with pulmonary edema?
What is the treatment for pulmonary edema?
What are your top 2 differentials for this coughing dog?
Identify the anatomy.
Identify the anatomy.
An accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity is known as ____. An accumulation of air in the pleural cavity is known as _____.
Describe the role of radiography in evaluating the pleura.
Identify the pathology.
Identify the pathology.
List the different kinds of pleural fluid we may find.
What is a transudate? (pleural fluid)
List the causes of a transudate fluid in the pleural cavity.
What is a modified transudate?
Describe a non-septic exudate.
Describe a septic exudate.
What is a chylous effusion? Name the predominant cell type and how it is confirmed diagnostically.
What are your differentials for a chylothorax?
What is hemorrhagic effusion?
List some of the common etiologies of hemorrhagic effusion. What other tests should be performed in a patient with hemorrhagic effusion?
Describe neoplastic effusion.
What is a pneumothorax?
What are some causes of a primary pneumothorax?
Describe mediastinal masses.
How can we use ultrasound to assess pleural pathology?
What does a TFAST exam stand for? What can it tell us?
Describe the use of CT to assess pleural pathology.
What are the indications and complications associated with a thoracocentesis? Where should you insert the needle?
What are the indications and complications associated with a thoracocentesis? Where should you insert the needle?
What are the indications and complications associated with a chest tube? Where should you insert the tube?
