Equine Medicine & Surgery IV (31-43) Flashcards
What are regulatory diseases?
What are some WOAH reportable diseases we see in the equine only?
What are some WOAH reportable diseases we see across multiple species?
What are state reportable disease?
Who are the lead responders when it comes to foreign animal diseases?
Who are the lead responders when it comes to domestic regulatory diseases?
Who are the lead responders when it comes to domestic state reportable and actionable?
Who are the lead responders when it comes to domestic state reportable but not actionable diseases?
Who are the lead responders when it comes to domestic diseases that are not reportable?
Provide a brief overview about equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy.
What are the neurological clinical signs associated with EPM?
The neurological signs associated with EPM only develop after ____.
What is the concern with EPM?
Why do we (as the general equine practitioner) need to know about EHM?
What’s the goal in EHM outbreak responses? How do we accomplish this?
Describe the first step in controlling an EHM outbreak.
Describe the second step in controlling an EHM outbreak.
Describe the third step in controlling an EHM outbreak.
What makes a good isolation area when dealing with an EHM outbreak?
Describe the fourth step in controlling an EHM outbreak.
Describe the fifth step in controlling an EHM outbreak.
What criteria meet the confirmed case definition for EHM?
Why does it NOT matter which EHV strain we have when confirmed a EHM outbreak?
Describe the sixth step in controlling an EHM outbreak.
What are the general cleaning/disinfecting protocols during an EPM outbreak?
What is the epidemiology of an EHM outbreak?
List some of the new key developments in EHM outbreaks.
Identify the anatomy of the equine respiratory system.
Identify the anatomy of the equine respiratory system.
Identify the anatomy of the equine respiratory system.
What is a normal resting respiratory rate for horses?
What is the exercising respiratory rate in a horse? minute ventilation?
Describe the upper airway flow mechanisms of the galloping horse.
Identify expiration versus inspiration in this picture.
Airway resistance in the horse is primarily determined by the airway ____.
Diameter
What is the equation for airway resistance?
What are the areas of upper airway resistance in the horse?
Lower airway resistance _____ as you go deeper.
T/F: Respiratory resistance changes from breath to breath in the equine.
A major contributor in upper airway stabilization in the horse is ____.
What are the effects of a flexed neck on airway resistance in the horse?
What history questions are important to ask as part of our evaluation of the equine URT?
T/F: Respiratory noise and exercise intolerance are synonymous terms.
False
How do we use our physical exam to evaluate the URT of the horse?
What are some ancillary diagnostic aids when evaluating the equine URT?
When preforming an endoscopic exam on the nasal cavity of the horse the scope should be placed through ___ and ___ aspect of the meatus.
Identify the anatomy you may encounter during an endoscopic exam of the nasal cavity of a horse.
Identify the anatomy you may encounter during an endoscopic exam of the pharynx of a horse.
Identify the anatomy you may encounter during an endoscopic exam of the guttural pouch of a horse.
Describe the use and value of an endoscopic exam at rest.
Describe the value of nasal occlusion during an endoscopic exam in the horse.
What diagnostic test is being performed on this horse?
Describe the use of a dynamic scope while on the treadmill for your equine patient.
Describe the use of an OVG scope in the horse.
Describe the use of a dynamic and resting endoscope together in the horse.
The disadvantage to using radiography to diagnose equine respiratory diseases is that _____.
The disadvantage to using CT to diagnose equine respiratory diseases is that _____.
List some causes of unilateral epistaxis in the horse.
List some causes of bilateral epistaxis in the horse.
What are the external nares in the horse? Describe their innervation.
Identify the pathology.
Describe the etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for an atheroma or epidermal inclusion cyst.
List the different etiologies of general nasal passage problems in the horse.
How do we diagnose nasal septum problems in the horse?
How do we treat nasal septum problems in the horse?
Describe nasal polyps in the horse. What are the associated clinical signs and treatment?
What is a progressive ethmoid hematoma?
What are the clinical signs associated with a progressive ethmoid hematoma?
How do we diagnose progressive ethmoid hematomas?
How do we treat progressive ethmoid hematomas?
Identify the different paranasal sinuses in the horse.
Identify the different paranasal sinuses.
Identify the anatomy.
Identify the anatomy.
All paranasal sinus compartments ____ . They also all drain through the ____.
What are the tooth roots that communicate with the sinuses in the horse?
The most common clinical sign of sinusitis is _____.
Unilateral nasal discharge
List some of the different primary and secondary causes of sinusitis in the horse.
What are the clinical signs of sinusitis in the horse?
Unilateral nasal discharge in the horse usually comes from ____.
Bilateral nasal discharge in the horse usually comes from ____.
How do we diagnose sinusitis in the horse?
What treatment is being perfumed on this horse?
How do we preform a sinus lavage in the horse?
Sinusitis treatment failure is common, what are the causes?
Describe the etiology and clinical signs of a sinus cyst in a horse.
How do we diagnose and treat sinus cysts in the hose? What is the prognosis?
____ is the most common sinus neoplasia in the horse.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
What are the clinical signs of sinus neoplasia in the horse? How do we diagnose and treat it?
Describe the bone flap approaches to surgery of the sinuses in the horse.
What are some surgical considerations to surgery of the sinuses in the horse?
What are some complications associated with surgery of the sinuses in horses?
What is the etiology and clinical signs associated with a cleft palate?
How do we diagnose and treat cleft palate? What is the prognosis?
What is a dorsal displacement of the soft palate? What lay terms do we use for it?
What is the etiology of DDSP?
What clinical signs are associated with DDSP?
How do we diagnose DDSP?
What endoscopic findings would you expect to find in a horse with DDSP?
Describe the medical management for DDSP.
What are the different surgical options for DDSP? Which has the best prognosis?
What are the goals of a tie forward procedure? How is it performed?
How do we perform a strap muscle myectomy or Llewelyn procedure? What is the goal of these procedures?
What is the prognosis for DDSP?
What is a dynamic pharyngeal collapse? What is the etiology?
What are the clinical signs of a dynamic pharyngeal collapse? How do we diagnose it?
What is the treatment and prognosis for dynamic pharyngeal collapse?
Identify the anatomy.
Identify the anatomy.
List the different etiological of unilateral or bilateral laryngeal hemiplasia.
What are the clinical signs of left laryngeal hemiplegia?
How do we diagnose left laryngeal hemiplasia?
Describe the grading scale for left laryngeal hemiplasia.
What are the different treatment options for left laryngeal hemiplegia?
Identify the procedure.
Identify the procedure.
Identify the procedure.
Identify the procedure.
What complications are associated with a prosthetic larygnoplasty?
What is the prognosis for left laryngeal hemiplasia?
What is the etiological and clinical signs of arytenoid chondritis?
How do we diagnose arytenoid chondritis?
What is the treatment for arytenoid chondritis?
What are some complications associated with a partial arytenoidectomy? What is the prognosis?
What is aryepiglottic fold entrapment? What is the etiology?
What are the clinical signs associated with aryepiglottic fold entrapment?
How do we diagnose aryepiglottic fold entrapment?
What are the treatment options for aryepiglottic fold entrapment?
What are the post-op complications and prognosis associated with aryepiglottic fold entrapment?
List some common upper respiratory pathogens we encounter in equine medicine.
Most respiratory diseases can be confirmed with a ____.
Nasopharyngeal swab
What are the most prevalent upper respiratory diseases we see in our equine patients?
What are some similarities in clinical signs, treatment and diagnostics amongst most upper respiratory diseases in the horse?
How do we prevent upper respiratory diseases in the horse?
According to the USEF, EIV and EHV require vaccination every ____.
What is the etiology of EIV?
What is the epidemiology of EIV?
What are the clinical signs associated with EIV?
How do we diagnose EIV?
How do we prevent EIV?
What is the etiology of equine herpes virus?
Describe the distribution, transmission, incubation and target tissues associated with equine herpes virus.
Describe the latency, pathogenesis, and pattern associated with equine herpes virus.
What are some diseases associated with herpesviruses in the horse?
What clinical signs are associated with equine herpes virus?
What is known about EHV 2 and EHV 5?
How do we diagnose EHV?
How do we treat and prevent EHV?
What is the etiology of equine arteritis virus?
Describe the distribution, transmission and incubation of equine arteritis virus.
Describe the target tissues, persistence and pathogenesis of equine arteritis virus.
What clinical signs are associated with equine arteritis virus?
How do we diagnose EAV?
How do we treat and prevent EAV?
Equine Rhinitis (viral) is caused by _____.
African Horse Sickness and Hendra Virus are ____ to the U.S.
