Small animal medicine Flashcards
An acute onset of profuse hemorrhagic diarrhea (resembling a raspberry jam) in a small or toy breed dog is characteristic of infections with:
a.Salmonella
b.Escherichia coli
c. Clostridium perfringens
d.Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Clostridium perfringens
Heartworm infection in cats is treated with:
a. melarsomine
b.moxidectin/imidacloprid
c. selamectin
d.prednisolone
Prednisolone
The most common cause of acquired deafness in dogs is:
a.tumors involving the brainstem
b.aminoglycoside toxicity
c. degeneration of the cochlea
d.loud noises
Degeneration of the cochlea
Scurvy in guinea pigs is a result of a deficiency in:
a. Cholesterol
b.Vitamin C
c. Calcium
d.Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Proliferative ileitis in hamsters is caused by:
a. Lawsonia intracellularis
b.Clostridium difficile
c. Campylobacter jejuni
d.Clostridium piliforme
Lawsonia intracellularis
Which of the following antibiotics may be indicated for a 5-month-old unvaccinated puppy with severe parvoviral infection?
a.Ampicillin
b.Enrofloxacin
c. Cefovecin
d.Gentamicin
Cefovecin
If vomiting is protracted, the following may also be indicated for the puppy except:
a. Maropitant
b.Ondansetron
c. Diphenoxylate
d.Metoclopramide
Diphenoxylate
The following are the most common etiologies of kennel cough except:
a. Canine adenovirus 2 (CAV-2)
b.Bordetella bronchiseptica
c. Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV)
d.Mycoplasma spp.
Mycoplasma spp.
This should be considered in the diagnosis of any febrile condition in dogs with multisystemic clinical signs involving the respiratory, GI, and/or neurologic systems:
a.Parvovirus infection
b.Infectious canine tracheobronchitis
c.Canine distemper
d.Lead toxicity
Canine distemper
The first step in treating a cat that eliminates outside the litterbox is to:
a.Improve litterbox hygiene
b.Confine the cat in a cage
c.Prescribe diazepam
d.Punish the cat
Improve litterbox hygiene
A young budgerigar has marked beak deformities and crusting of featherless areas of the skin. The most likely cause of these
signs is:
a.Temporomandibular joint abnormalities
b.Candidiasis
c. Hepatopathy
d.Knemidocoptes infestation
Knemidocoptes infestation
The underlying cause of feather picking is usually:
a. Ectoparasitic infestation
b.An allergic reaction
c.Psychological in origin
d.Endoparasitic infection
Psychological in origin
You are presented with a 2-year-old Golden Retriever with right front limb lameness for 3 weeks. There is slight swelling of the right shoulder. On radiographs, a lesion in the humeral metaphysis is characterized by cortical destruction, active periosteal proliferation, and a hazy transition zone between normal and abnormal bone. The most likely cause of these findings is:
a. Osteosarcoma
b. Osteochondrosis
c. Bacterial osteomyelitis
d. Healing fracture
Osteosarcoma
Regarding this patient, the most appropriate course of action is to:
a.Amputate the limb
b.Biopsy of the humerus
c.Obtain blood samples for culture
d.Radiograph the thorax
Radiograph the thorax
Which parenchymal pattern is commonly observed on radiographs of dogs with bacterial pneumonia?
a. Bronchial
b. Interstitial
c. Alveolar
d. Vascular
Alveolar
A 5-year-old puppy has had coughing and an oculonasal discharge for the past week. The puppy was vaccinated at 10 and 12 weeks of age. A blood smear stained with Diff-Quik reveals homogenous eosinophilic-staining inclusions in red blood cells and neutrophils. The most likely cause of this puppy’s illness is:
a. Parvovirus infection
b. Ehrlichiosis
c. Borreliosis
d. Distemper
Distemper
Allergic contact dermatitis is diagnosed by:
a. Complement fixation
b. The allergen provocation test
c. The patch test
d. Intrapalpebral injection of allergens
The patch test
A dog has a thin haircoat, scaly dermatitis (especially around the eyes, mouth and ears), parakeratosis and hair depigmentation.
These signs are most likely related to a dietary deficiency of:
a. Zinc
b. Iron
c. Selenium
d. Calcium
Zinc
Hip dysplasia:
a. Most often affects small breeds of dogs
b. Is not hereditary
c. Resolves with age
d. Is diagnosed by ventrodorsal radiographs of pelvis
Is diagnosed by ventrodorsal radiographs of pelvis
The most common cause of vaccine failure in dogs and cats is:
a. Interference by maternally derived immunity with vaccine virus
b. Loss of immunogenicity from improper handling of vaccines
c. Low antigenic mass of vaccines
d. Split dosages of vaccines to reduce cost of vaccination
Interference by maternally derived immunity with vaccine virus
The most common dermatophyte of cats is:
a.Microsporum canis
b.Microsporum felis
c.Trichophyton mentagrophytes
d.Microsporum gypseum
Microsporum canis
Concerning viral enteritis in dogs, which statement is most accurate?
a. Severe coronaviral infections cause intestinal crypt necrosis
b. Severe parvoviral infections cause widespread loss of villi
c. Severe rotaviral infections cause intestinal crypt necrosis
d. Rotaviral infections often result in concurrent aspiration pneumonia
Severe parvoviral infections cause widespread loss of villi
Concerning tuberculosis in dogs, which statement is most accurate?
a. Dogs are more likely to acquire the infection from people than people are to acquire the infection from dogs.
b. Affected dogs usually have gastrointestinal signs.
c. Dogs usually are infected with Mycobacterium bovis.
d. Intradermal testing is the preferred method of
diagnosis.
Dogs are more likely to acquire the infection from people than people are to acquire the infection from dogs.
Which ocular disorder is associated with taurine deficiency in
cats?
a. Retinal detachment
b. Glaucoma
c. Central retinal degeneration
d. Anterior uveitis
Central retinal degeneration
Concerning pseudorabies, which statement is most accurate?
a. In cats it begins with excitement, and in dogs with depression
b.In cats it begins with depression, and in dogs with excitement
c.Affected cats usually die much later in the cause of
the disease than dogs
d.There is no variation in affected dogs and cats.
In cats it begins with excitement, and in dogs with depression
What is the most common clinical sign of overly rapid intravenous infusion of blood products in cats?
a. Ataxia
b. Bradycardia
c. Vomiting
d. Opisthotonus
Vomiting
Which drug is most useful in treatment of acetaminophen
(paracetamol) toxicosis?
a. Xylazine
b. Diazepam
c. Aspirin
d. Acetylcysteine
Acetylcysteine
What is the most efficient means of transmission of Toxoplasma
gondii to cats?
a. Congenital (in utero)
b. Predation by another host infected with cysts
c. Inhalation of aerosolized oocysts
d. Ingestion of feces
Predation by another host infected with cysts
A 3-year old dog with a dry unproductive cough began coughing 3 days previously. The animal is otherwise normal. The most appropriate initial course of action is to:
a. Make thoracic radiograph
b. Administer prednisolone to reduce tracheal irritation
c. Perform a complete blood count to seek evidence of tracheal infection
d. Administer theophylline for bronchodilation
Administer theophylline for bronchodilation
A mixed breed dog has had a relatively severe, dry cough for the past 10 days. The cough began 4-5 days after the animal was housed at a kennel. The most likely cause of this dog’s disease is:
a. herpesvirus
b.Streptococcus pneumoniae
c.Klebsiella pneumoniae
d.Bordetella bronchiseptica
Bordetella bronchiseptica
The most appropriate treatment for a 5-month-old dog with mild, acute diarrhea of 2 days duration and of unknown origin is:
a. Oral rehydration solution
b. A bland, easily digested diet
c. Oral neomycin
d. Loperamide
A bland, easily digested diet
Concerning distemper in dogs, which statement is most accurate?
a. Distemper is one of the most common causes of convulsions in dogs less than 6 months of age
b. The distemper virus’s marked resistance to the environment is the
reason this disease is so easily spread from animal to animal
c. Distemper may be differentiated from ehrlichiosis because the latter causes thrombocytopenia
d. The fluorescent antibody test on conjunctival scrapings is most
useful in dogs with chronic distemper encephalitis
Distemper is one of the most common causes of convulsions in dogs less than 6 months of age
The best site for blood collection in rats and gerbils is through:
a. Cardiac puncture
b. Orbital sinus puncture
c. Toe nail clipping
d. Tail vein cutting
Orbital sinus puncture
A dog was presented to the clinic with exercise intolerance, orthopnea, and soft moist coughing. Crackling sounds and muffled heart sounds were heard upon auscultation of the thorax. Thoracic radiography revealed a globose cardiac silhouette with increased diaphragmatic and sternal contact. In addition, diffuse alveolar and bronchial patterns were also seen suggestive of pulmonary edema. What drug will you use to address the latter?
a. Sildenafil
b. Pimobendan
c. Enalapril
d. Furosemide
Furosemide
A dog suddenly collapsed in the clinic during a routine check up. Quickly, the attending veterinarian supplied oxygen and attached a digital monitor to the patient. The rhythm at lead II was ventricular tachycardia. To address the life-threatening arrhythmia, what would the attending veterinarian administer?
a. Lidocaine
b. Atenolol
c. Amiodarone
d. Verapamil
Lidocaine
A bitch has been bleeding for a week from the vagina. The owner stated last heat occurred 3 months ago. Upon closer examination, a 2-cm diameter cauliflower-like growth was seen at the inner fold of the vulva. Impression smear revealed round cells with a vacuolated cytoplasm. What is the treatment of choice?
a. Doxorubicin
b. Cyclophosphamide
c. Vincristine
d. Procarbazine
Vincristine
A dyspneic cat with an enlarged abdomen was suspected to have Feline Infectious Peritonitis. To confirm the diagnosis, the vet aspirated pleural effusions and placed a drop in water-acetic acid mixture. This test is the:
a. Coomb’s test
b.Coggin’s test
c.Rivalta’s test
d.Robert’s test
Rivalta’s test
Parvovirus-induced myocarditis is most likely to be seen in:
a.Young dogs
b.Old dogs
c. Greyhounds
d.Pregnant bitches
Young dogs
Atherosclerosis is not nearly as common in dogs and in people, but it may be encountered in dogs with:
a. Hypothyroidism
b.Hyperthyroidism
c. Hyperadrenocorticism
d.Hypoadrenocorticism
Hypothyroidism
Persistent right aortic arch in a dog is most likely to cause:
a. Dysphagia
b. Uremia
c. Hypertension
d. Cyanosis
Dysphagia
What breed of dog that have problem with urinary calculi due to failure of the kidney to reabsorb uric acid and convert it to allantoin in the liver?
a. Cocker spaniel
b. Dalmatian
c. Welsh Corgi
d. Saint Bernard
Dalmatian
Which type of urolith is most frequently associated with bacterial urinary tract infection?
a. Cystine
b. Calcium phosphate
c. Calcium oxalate
d. Magnesium ammonium phosphate
Magnesium ammonium phosphate
A common cause of chronic blood loss anemia in young animals is:
a. Parasitism (fleas, hookworms)
b. Rodenticide toxicosis (warfarin)
c. Primary bleeding disorder
d. Immune-mediated hemolytic disease
Parasitism (fleas, hookworms)
Which tumor is most likely to undergo spontaneous remission?
a. Mast-cell tumor
b. Melanoma
c. Transmissible venereal tumor
d. Lymphosarcoma
Transmissible venereal tumor
The most common cause of death in cats falling from heights (high-rise syndrome) is:
a. Cranial trauma
b. Rupture of abdominal viscera
c. Open fractures of long bones
d. Thoracic trauma
Thoracic trauma
Impetigo is another name for:
a. Superficial pustular pyoderma
b. Bacterial hypersensitivity
c. Skinfold pyoderma
d. Deep pyoderma
Superficial pustular pyoderma
An excess of which element has been associated with hemolytic anemia in dogs?
a. Copper
b. Silver
c. Sodium
d. Zinc
Zinc
Which clinical sign is specific for Sertoli-cell tumor?
a. Hyperpigmentation
b. Pruritus
c. Truncal alopecia
d. Linear preputial dermatosis
Linear preputial dermatosis
A cat is presented with pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin and mucous membranes. This condition is called:
a.Anemia
b.Icterus
c.Purpura
d.Petechiation
Petechiation
A complete blood count on a canine blood sample shows
markedly regenerative anemia, spherocytosis, and neutrophilia, with a left shift back to metamyelocytes. What is the most likely cause of these findings?
a. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
b. Babesiosis
c. Ehrlichiosis
d. Gastrointestinal blood loss
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
