Small animal dentistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Normal dog occlusion?

A
  • scissor bite (maxillary incisors infront of mandibular)
  • mandibular canine should occlude between maxillary canine and third incisor
  • premolars should interdigitate in a zig-zag pattern
  • posterior scissor bite - upper PM 4 should be buccal to mandiubular M 1
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2
Q

What is mixed dentition?

A

when a puppy/kitten is teething - mix of permenant and deciduous teeth

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3
Q

Persistent deciduous teeth?

A

pathology - malocclusion and peridontal disease

extract it

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4
Q

supernumerary?

A

remove most abnormally positioned

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5
Q

missing teeth?

A

congenital, impacted tooth, traumatic crown fracture, previous extraction

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6
Q

Enamel hypoplasia?

A

normally develops before eruption so trauma / virus during development can leave enamel defects

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7
Q

4 trauma induced dental problems

A

abrasion - eg ball
attrition - tooth against tooth
intrinsic staining - blunt trauma
fractures

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8
Q

What to do with a fracture?

A

will be painful and get an abcess in time and if microbes get in then get pulp necrosis and jaw abnormalities

extract, vital pulp treatment, root canal therapy

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9
Q

How to determine between pulp exposure and reparative dentin?

A

use the tip of a sharp explorer..if pulp is exposed it will sink in the hole

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10
Q

What is the difference between plaque and calculus (tartar)

A

plaque - biofilm of bacteria

calculus - mineralised plaque

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11
Q

4 stages of peridontal disease

A

1) gingivitis, no evidence of attachment loss

2) mild peridontitis 50% loss

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12
Q

What is gingivities?

A

plaque induced

hyperaemia, oedema, tendency of gingiva to bleed

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13
Q

How get from stage 2-4?

A

plaque in sulcus has reduced o2 conc so get G-ve obligate anaerboes which invade the unkeratinised peridontal tissue. the immune response destroys the tissue

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14
Q

Systemic risk of peridontal disease?

A

bacteria in blood -

cardiac lesions, myocardial disease, renal disease, hepatitis

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15
Q

2 complications of peridontal disease?

A

oronasal fistula

risk of jaw fracture

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16
Q

What is stomatitis?

A

infl of the oral mucosa extending beyond the muco-gingival junction
usually bilateral and symmetrical

17
Q

What is the difference between a luxator and an elevator?

A

Luxator - thin working end with a sharp blade

Elevator - rounded, spoon shaped blade

18
Q

5 step direct extraction technique?

A

1) cut gingival attachment - walk scalpel round the tooth
2) insert luxator into peridontal ligament space - hold at 30 degrees to tooth and wedge into space and hold. At each corner of tooth
3) Insert and rotate elevator - insert until its wedged and rotate and hold. mesial and distal aspect or 4 corners
4) use extraction forceps - go as far apically as possible and rotate and traction
5) inspect apex for complete root

19
Q

Direct extraction of a multi-rooted tooth?

A

1) cut gingival attachment
2) reduce crown height if needed
3) first cut between palatal and 2 buccal roots, then cut between two buccal roots
4) confirm each root can move independently
5) extract each root

20
Q

What special technique is needed for extraction of PM 4?

A

cut distal overhang to create space for elevator

21
Q

Possible complications of direct extraction?

A
  • root fragmentation
  • jaw bone necrosis
  • iatrogenic jaw bone fracture
  • oro-nasal fistula
22
Q

Why would you extract a tooth surgically?

A

big rooted teeth, perisistent deciduous canines, limit risk of iatrogenic jaw bone fracture, dealing with / preventing extraction complications

23
Q

2 main flap designs for surgical extraction

A

envelope - no vertical release

vertical release incisions - 2 for bigger teeth

24
Q

Name 3 structures that needed to be avoided when carrying out a surgical extraction

A
  • neurovascular bundle from infraorbital foramen (above PM 3)
  • neurovascular bundle from mental foramen ( below PM 2)
  • parotid papilla (above PM 4)
25
Q

on a radiograph what do the lamina dura and peridontal ligament look like?

A

Lamina dura (really dense alveolar bone) - white line around root

Peridontal ligament - thin black line around root

26
Q

What is the pathogenesis of tooth resorption?

A

Teeth are attacked by odontoclasts which release acid - damages enamel and dentine - resoptive lacunae - vascular granulation tissue fills the lesion and may be replaced by bone and cementum like tissue

27
Q

What is the difference in tooth resorption between cats and dogs?

A

Cats - common and increased prevalence with age

dogs - normally coincidental, leave in if sub-gingival and no pain / infl

28
Q

Outline the 3 types of tooth resorption

A

Type 1 - focal lesion, ligament intact - standard extraction

Type 2 - partial loss of ligament - crown amputation with root retention

Type 3 - mix of 1 and 2