equine dentistry

Question 1

Four types of equine teeth?

Answer 1

incisors
canines
wolf teeth
cheek teeth

Question 2

Adaptations of tmj

Answer 2

• limited rostrocaudal movement
• increased lateral movement
• allows occlusal contact of all cheek teeth

Question 3

Mastication

Answer 3

open stroke, closing stroke, power stroke(pressure to 1 side at a time)

Question 4

Dental nomenclature

Answer 4

upper right = 1
upper left = 2
lower left = 3
lower right = 4
start from 01 and work out to 11

Question 5

Erruption age of 01 -11?

Answer 5

01 - 2.5 y
02 - 3.5 y
03 - 4.5 y
04 - 4.5 y
05 - wolf so no permenant
06- 2.5 y
07 - 3y
08 - 4y
09 - 1y
10 - 2y
11- 3.5y

Question 6

What is anisognathism?

Answer 6

maxillary arcade wider than mandibular arcade

Question 7

What is angle of occlusal surface?

Answer 7

10 - 15 degrees

Question 8

What is the curve of spee?

Answer 8

Upward slope of occlusal surface caudally

Question 9

Whats an infundibulum?

Answer 9

infolding of enamal at the occusal surface
2 x in maxillary cheek
1 x in incisors
0x in mandibular cheek

Question 10

What is the commonly used gag called?

Answer 10

Hausmann’s gag

Question 11

Where are points normally found? and why?

Answer 11

buccal edge of maxillary arcade
lingual edge of mandibular arcade
because upper jaw larger

Question 12

What is shearmouth? and what do you do about it?

Answer 12

occlusal angle over 15 degrees

treat: remove points from highest side, gradually every 3-6 months, address underlying pathology

Question 13

What are the two main types of rasping blades?

Answer 13

carbide chip blades

solid tungsten carbide blades

Question 14

What are the 4 main types of blades needed? and why?

Answer 14

1) straight head, long length (lower cheek, 3-6 upper)
2) obtuse angled head, long length (upper curve of spee)
3) angled offted head, medium length ( upper 1-4 cheek)
4) S float - curve of spee

Question 15

What are rostral and caudal overgrowths?

Answer 15

on 106/206 and 311/411

usually due to rostral displacement of maxilla or disparity in cheek teeth rows

Question 16

What are focal overgrowths? cause? treat?

Answer 16

when no wear of opposing tooth
due to: diastema, lost teeth, displaced teeth, fractured teeth
treat: gradually remove overgrowth as new occlusion will stimulate secondary dentine over the pulp so can take bit more off
Careful as can get saggital tooth fractures

Question 17

What are infundibular carries?

Answer 17

excess enamel infolding - normally benign, cant do much anyway
can lead to septic pulpitis and saggital tooth fractures

Question 18

What are excessive transverse ridge and what do we do about it?

Answer 18

larger than normal ridge

remove individual ridges

Question 19

What is peridontal disease?

Answer 19

Disease of gingivae, peridontal ligament, alveolar bone

localised gingivitis causes pocket formation - trapped food compressed deepening pocket - destroy alveolar bone - bacteria enter pulp cavity through root canal

Question 20

What is primary peridontal disease due to?

Answer 20

Diastema

Question 21

What is a diastema and how can it cause disease?

Answer 21

Gap between teeth - food can get trapped

Question 22

What can dental displacements be due to?

Answer 22

developmental - overcrowding

acquired

Question 23

What are the signs of apical tooth infections?

Answer 23

asymmetrical jaw swelling, ventral discharging tract, oral involvement rare, halitosis, enlarged submandibular LN

Question 24

Cause of maxillary apical tooth inf?

Answer 24

infundibular carries, pulp exposure, peridontal fistulation

Question 25

Which maxillary teeth connect to which sinus?

Answer 25

6/7 dont connect to sinus
8/9 to rostral maxillary sinus
10/11 to caudal maxillary sinus

Question 26

Angles for radiography

Answer 26

Latero-lateral (teeth apices superimposed but can see fluid lines in sinuses)

lateral - 45 degree ventral lateral oblique (less superimposition, plate on side you want to examine)

Question 27

Best imaging method?

Answer 27

CT - can do standing, see individual roots, identify supernumerary

Question 28

Methods of tooth removal

Answer 28

Repulsion
extraction
lateral bucotomy

Question 29

How to repare fractured incisors?

Answer 29

Use cerclage wire and wrap round other teeth as anchors