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Computer Science: Frankie > SLR4 > Flashcards

SLR4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the operating system allow the user to do

A

Talk to the hardware

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2
Q

What does application software do

A

Talk to a specific application. E.g. Word, PowerPoint.

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3
Q

What is a utility Program

A

A program designed to protect your computer from malware

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4
Q

What is multitasking

A

When a computer is running multiple programs at the same time

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5
Q

How does a computer handle multitasking

A

A processor allocates a small amount of time to each program and as it happens so quickly it appears instant

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6
Q

Where in a computer is data stored

A

In files

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7
Q

How does the operating system know which type of application a file is

A

There is an extension at the end of the file name declaring what it is

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8
Q

Name 3 benefits of having user management

A
  1. Having multiple users on one machine
  2. Having a roaming machine
  3. Each user has a different access ability
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9
Q

What are the two main ways of having memory management

A

Paging & Segmentation

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10
Q

What are the 4 main traits of paging

A
  1. All pages are a fixed-size
  2. Pages are physical divisions
  3. Could separate instructions making the code inefficient
  4. It is better to keep the instructions together
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11
Q

What are the 3 main traits of segmentation

A
  1. Segments are different sizes
  2. Segments are logical divisions
  3. Can lead to small amounts of memory unallocated
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12
Q

What is it called when a device requires the processor’s attention

A

An interrupt

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13
Q

What will the processor do if an interrupt presents a problem

A

The processor will stop executing its current instruction and focus on the interrupt

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14
Q

How does a processor handle an interrupt

A

The processor will activate the interrupt service routine

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15
Q

What is the interrupt service routine

A

A program with a set of instructions that need to be fetched, decoded, and executed to continue

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16
Q

What happens to the current process when an interrupt is received

A

The current process gets moved into the stack which stores the contents of the registers

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17
Q

Why do we have interrupts

A

Other devices may require the CPUs attention and their priority is greater than the current instruction

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18
Q

Give the 5 types of interrupt and an example of each

A
  1. Hardware (Power)
  2. Timer (screen record)
  3. Input / output (USB)
  4. User (mouse)
  5. Software (illegal instruction)
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19
Q

What happens when the interrupt is complete

A

The original instruction is popped back off the stack into the registers to be executed

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20
Q

What does a scheduler manage

A

Which process to execute next and how much time to spend on it

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21
Q

How is time messured in a computer

A

In ticks

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22
Q

What does running state mean

A

Running state is when a process is running

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23
Q

How does a process get to the CPU

A

A process will enter the queue and once it reaches the front of the queue it will enter the CPU

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24
Q

What happens if the process is blocked

A

This means that the user is required to input something

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25
Q

What happens when a process in the CPU takes more time than the allocated number of ticks

A

The process gets suspended and rejoins the back of the queue until it re-enters the CPU

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26
Q

What happens when a process is finished

A

It leaves the CPU

27
Q

What does FCSC stand for

A

First Come First Serve

28
Q

In what order does FCSC execute a process in

A

The first process to arrive in the queue gets executed before everything else

29
Q

What does not get used in FCSC

A
  1. Blocking
  2. Priority
  3. Time suspending
30
Q

What does SJF stand for

A

Shortest Job First

31
Q

In what order does SJF execute processes in

A

When a job joins the queue its place will be in the order of whichever job is the shortest meaning the shortest job will always get executed first

32
Q

How is the length of the job decided

A

The number of ticks it takes to complete

33
Q

What does RR stand for

A

Round Robin

34
Q

What other form of scheduling is RR similar too

A

FCSC

35
Q

In what way does RR differ from FCSC

A

Includes a quantum time slice

36
Q

What is a Quantum time slice

A

Each process has a set number of ticks it can be executed for before being put back in the queue again and again until it is completed

37
Q

What does STR stand for

A

Shortest Time Remaining

38
Q

Which other form of scheduling is STR similar too

A

SJF

39
Q

How does SJR differ from SJF

A

If a new process joins the queue that has less ticks remaining then the process in the CPU will be kicked into quantum

40
Q

What happens when a process is blocked

A
  1. It is removed from the CPU
  2. Until the user has confirmed it can continue
  3. Other processes are carried out in this time
41
Q

What does MLFQ stand for

A

Multi-Level Feedback Queue

42
Q

What is a MLFQ

A

Where there are multiple cores and therefore multiple levels in the queue

43
Q

How can different queues spread the load of the processes

A

Some queues can just manage small tick time processes and other just manage large tick time processes

44
Q

Can processes move between queues and cores

A

Yes

45
Q

What are the 5 different operating systems

A
  1. Multi-tasking operating system
  2. Multi-user operating system
  3. Distributed operating system
  4. Embedded operating system
  5. Real-time operating system
46
Q

What is the main feature of a multitasking OS

A

It is able to run multiple programs at the same time

47
Q

Can a multi-tasking OS multi-task

A

No it just does things incredibly quickly

48
Q

What are the 3 main features of a multi-user OS

A
  1. Can have multiple accounts across multiple computers
  2. Can login anywhere
  3. All ran off one server
49
Q

What are the 2 main features of a distributed OS

A
  1. Combines the processing power of multiple computers
  2. Appears as one system
50
Q

What are the 3 main features of an embedded OS

A
  1. Often designed for very specific tasks and often quite slow
  2. Small memory
  3. Low power
51
Q

Where are embedded OSs found

A

TVs, Traffic Lights, Car engine management system

52
Q

What are the 2 main features of a real-time OS

A
  1. The OS responds in real-time
  2. Designed around the safety of the user
53
Q

What does BIOS stand for

A

Basic Input Output System

54
Q

What is the BIOS responsible for

A

Loading the OS when the computer is switched on

55
Q

Where is the BIOS stored

A

ROM as you don’t need to change it

56
Q

What is a device driver

A

Software that tells the OS how to communicate with a device

57
Q

What is a virtual machine

A

a program that does a physical machine job

58
Q

What does an emulator do

A

Tricks a program into thinking it running on its native hardware whilst on an entirely different machine

59
Q

What are the positives and negatives of emulators

A
  1. Brings life back to old games
  2. Saves money as it allows the user to test a program on another device without actually having the machine
  3. Does not pay the creator
  4. It is illegal
60
Q

How can you save money with virtual machines

A

You can spin servers up and down based of off the demand required. Meaning if one server fails the others can pick up the load.

61
Q

What is Java code

A

An intermediate code

62
Q

How is an intermediate code designed to work

A

To run on many different platforms

63
Q

How does Java compile its code

A

Into halfway code known as bytecode

64
Q

Name a benefit of Java intermediate code

A

It is highly portable

Computer Science: Frankie (25 decks)

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