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Computer Science: Frankie > SLR10 > Flashcards

SLR10 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a database

A

An organised collection of data

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2
Q

What does a database need to be able to do

A

Add data
Modify data
Delete data
Find data

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3
Q

Where were databases stored before the developments of technology

A

Physical paper format in filing cabinets

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4
Q

What did technology do to make the functionality of databases better

A

Made it easier to retrieve data, back up data, access data and modify data

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5
Q

How is a flat file data base stored

A

In a table

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6
Q

What are the names of the columns and rows in a flat file database

A

Fields and records

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7
Q

What are the benefits of a flat file database (3)

A
  1. They are really easy to set up
  2. They are really simple
  3. They require little maintenance
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8
Q

What are the losses of a flat file database (3)

A
  1. Can become inefficient quickly due to repeated data
  2. Making them slow
  3. Using up unnecessary space
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9
Q

What are the benefits of a flat file database compared to relational database

A
  1. Simple to manage
  2. Great for a small database
  3. In expensive
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10
Q

What are the drawbacks of a flat file database compared to relational database (2)

A
  1. Takes up a lot of unnecessary spade on the computer
  2. Increased data redundancy
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11
Q

What are the benefits of a relational database compared to flat file database (2)

A
  1. More data efficient
  2. Much better for expansion
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12
Q

What are the drawbacks of a relational database compared to flat file database (2)

A
  1. Very time consuming to set up
  2. Much more expensive to set up
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13
Q

What is a relational database

A

A database that has been split over multiple tables

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14
Q

What are the three different ways relational databases can be linked

A
  1. One to One
  2. One to Many
  3. Many to Many
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15
Q

When linking relational databases which is considered to be the worst

A

Many to Many

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16
Q

What is the most important thing in making a relational database effective

A

You are able to find things quickly

17
Q

What is a primary key in a relational database

A

An item of data that keeps record in every table unique in some way

18
Q

How can secondary index be made in relational databases

A

From a piece of data (field) this will be used as the search key

19
Q

When working in a database what are the 4 ways of handling data

A
  1. Capturing
  2. Selecting
  3. Managing
  4. Exchanging
20
Q

In a database what is the process of capturing

A

Getting the data into the database

21
Q

In a database what is the process of selecting

A

Being able to query or search for the data

22
Q

In a database what is the process of managing

A

This is the action of manipulating the data (add, edit and delete)

23
Q

In a database what is the process of exchanging

A

Moving the data from one device to another

24
Q

What effect will data being in a paper format have on the data itself

A

The data has to be imputed into a computer, to avoid human error and save time Data Capture Forms allow a computer to scan the data off of a paper without anyone having to input any information into the computer

25
Q

What are the 2 different types of Data Capture Form

A

OCR (Optical Character Recognition)
OMR (Optical Mark Recognition)

26
Q

What is Optical Character Recognition

A

A process that reads text by interpreting the shapes of the letters (works much better with printed text over handwritten as each letter is exactly the same whereas everyone’s handwriting is different)

27
Q

Give an example of Optical Character Recognition

A

Speed cameras

28
Q

What is Optical Mark Recognition

A

Reads markings then converts this into the correct data and files it

29
Q

Give an example of Optical Mark Recognition

A

Multiple choice questions

30
Q

Name the 5 manual methods of exchanging data

A
  1. Memory sticks
  2. Email
  3. Paper based
  4. Optical media
  5. Removable hard disk
31
Q

How do databases exchange data automatically

A

Through an interface that deals with both databases known as an EDI (Electronic Data interchange) which takes data and sends it to a set destination

32
Q

What is XML and JSON

A

XML = Extensible Markup Language
JSON = JavaScript Object Notation
These are both open formats for structuring data but JSON is hardly used as XML has mostly replaced it. Both used for transporting data

33
Q

What is CSV

A

Comma-Separated Values
The structure of the database is known as it will always be the same due to each record being stored on a separate line and each field being separated by a comma. This make is it easy to extract data from a CSV file

34
Q

What is normalisation

A

When a database is created with everytime a record or field is added there is a high chance of repetition this can lead to large amounts of unnecessary space being taken up. This can be fixed by rearranging the data this is known as the three normal forms (normalisation)

35
Q

How do we get to the first normal form

A

All basic databases start at 0NF this is also known as a flat file database to turn this into a 1NF database we must
1. Make sure all fields are unique
2. The values in the fields should be from the same domain
3. Fields in values all need to be atomic (only one in each)
4. No two records can be identical
5. Each table needs a primary key

36
Q

How do we get to second normal form

A
  1. First we need to make sure that the database is in 1NF
  2. Then remove all partial dependency’s (a partial dependency is when one or more of the fields depends on only one part of the primary key)
37
Q

How do we get to the third normal form

A
  1. Make sure the database is in 2NF
  2. Remove any transitive dependencies
  3. Remove any none key dependencies
  4. Each key must only have one purpose
38
Q

Can a database in 3NF be denormalized

A

Yes if normalised correctly

39
Q

What happens when you use indexing in a database that has been normalised

A

Sacrifices a small amount of space to maintain the index data structure

Computer Science: Frankie (25 decks)

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