Slides 5 Flashcards
Recall
the act of retrieving information or events from the past while lacking a specific cue to help in retrieving the information
Give an example of recall in an exam
Fill in the blanks questions
Serial recall
requires participants to recall a list of items in a specific order, usually the order in which they were presented.
Free Recall
you are shown a list of items which must then be recalled, You can do the recall in any order
Cued recall
the retrieval of memory with the help of cues
Recognition
Identify the item as the one you encoded
Give an example of recognition in an exam
Multiple choice questions and true/false
What are the similarities between recall and recognition?
In both cases the ‘episode’ (source) has to be encoded
Main difference between recall and recognition
For recall we need elaborative rehearsal, to form a visual image of the material in our mind. We have a clear attention to the contect.
While, for recognition we maintenance rehearsal. So we repeated exposure to the material.
Source memory
The retrieval of contextual details. Episode, time, place, context
What kind of retrieval has recall?
Source memory
What kind of retrieval has recognition?
Source and/or familiarity
When is recall the best
When the contects of encoding and retrieval match the physical environment and the psychological context
Declarative memory
explicit memory
the ability to store and retrieve both personal information (i.e., episodic memory) and general knowledge (i.e., semantic memory)
An important life event, birthdate from mom. etc
Semantic memory
General knowledge and facts
Episodic memory
Personal events or episodes
Prodecural/ non-declarative memory
Implicit memory
the memory system in charge of the encoding, storage, and retrieval of the procedures (rather than episodes) that underlie motor, visuospatial, or cognitive skills.
Unconscious and automatic memory
Which 3 parts belongs to procedural/non-declarative memory
Implicit memory
- Skills
- conditioning
- priming
What is meant by Skills by procedural memory?
For example driving a car. It is something learned but you do it with your body
What is meant by conditioning in procedural memory?
Crying when reading a sad book. Unconsciously learn to associate one thing with another
What is meant by priming memory?
Priming refers to the process by which a past experience increases the accuracy or quickness of a response.
Causes of brain damage and the reason
- Brain Damage (Hippocampus)
- Chronic alcoholism (Korsakoff syndrome)
- Viral Encephalitis (Inflammation of the Brain)
- Meningitis (Inflammation of the membrane that
surrounds the brain)
Retrograde amnesia
Inability to remember information learned prior to the event that caused amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Inability to learn new
information after trauma to the brain
