Lecture 7 Memory distortions Flashcards
Schema
A pattern of knowledge describing what is typical or frequent in a particular situation
Can aid or disrupt memory
Intrusion errors
Recalling events not part of the original episodes
What is the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm DRM
A false memory paradigm in which subjects are presented with lists of semantically related words at encoding.
After a delay, subjects are asked to recall or recognize these words.
In the recognition memory version of the task, subjects are asked whether they remember previously presented words, as well as related (but never presented) critical lure words.
Typically, the critical word is recognized with high probability and confidence. This false memory effect has been robustly demonstrated across short (e.g., immediate, 20 min) and long (e.g., 1, 7, 60 d) delays between encoding and memory testing
Misinformation effect
Participants’ report of a previous event is affected by the misinformation that is provided later on
The way the question is asked. Suggestions
What might be explenations for the misinformation effect?
- Misinformation overwrites the original information
- Misinformation makes the original information inaccessible
- Memory is fine, but the report is biased
Implementing False memories
Memory for childhood events that never happened
Factors That Affect Memory Errors
- Repeated attempts at retrieval
- Passage of time
- Plausibility
- Imagination Inflation
- Dissociative Experiences Scale (Staring into space, Talking out loud to oneself when alone, Finding evidence of having done things one can’t remember doing, Feeling as though one’s body is not one’s own.) Have a higher chance
What is hyperamnesia?
abnormally vivid or complete memory or recall of the past.
Remember
Remembering the episode for the memory
Know
Having a feeling of familiarity, no episode
