Slides 25

Question 1

what is an animal?

Answer 1

multicellular, heterotrophs, tissues, digestive system, nerve and muscle cells, developmental pathways, lack cell wall, move and detect and capture prey

Question 2

nutritional mode

Answer 2

plants: autotrophs, fungi: absorptive heterotrophs, animals: ingestive heterotrophs

Question 3

animals

Answer 3

multicellular eukaryote

Question 4

collagen

Answer 4

animal cells are supported by these structural proteins

Question 5

tissues

Answer 5

groups of similar cells that act as. functional unit, nervous tissue and muscle tissue are unique

Question 6

reproduction

Answer 6

most reproduce sexually, with diploid stage dominating, sperm and eggs produced directly by meiotic division

Question 7

development of animal zygotes

Answer 7

undergo cleavage: succession of cell division without growth between divisions, then formation of bastula: form of hollow ball of cells, then undergo gastrulation: forming gastrula with different layers of embryonic tissues

Question 8

body plan symmetry

Answer 8

radial vs bilateral

Question 9

radial symmetry

Answer 9

no front and back or left and right (cnidaria)

Question 10

bilateral symmetry

Answer 10

only one imaginary cut divides the animal into mirror-image halves (remaining animal groups)

Question 11

animal classification by embryo cleavage

Answer 11

protostome (cleavage spirally, determinate), deuterostome (cleavage radically, indeterminate)

Question 12

animal classification- tissues

Answer 12

tissues are collections of specialized cells isolated from other tissues by membranous layers; three germ layers give rise to tissues and organs of animal embryos: ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

Question 13

embryonic layers of sponges/porifera

Answer 13

lack true tissues

Question 14

diploblastic

Answer 14

have two: ectoderm and endoderm; includes cnidarians and few others

Question 15

tripoblastic

Answer 15

endoderm, ectoderm, and intervening mesoderm layer; includes all bilaterians

Question 16

protostome coelom (body cavity)

Answer 16

splitting of mesoderm forms the coelom

Question 17

deuterostome coelom (body cavity)

Answer 17

mesoderm buds from the wall of the archenteron form the coelom

Question 18

coelomates

Answer 18

animals that possess a true coelom; contained between mesoderm tissue, think worm

Question 19

hemocoelomates

Answer 19

animals that possess a true pseudocoelom; fake body cavity, gap in endoderm and mesoderm

Question 20

acoelomates

Answer 20

animals that lack a body cavity, compact, continual tissue attachment; think flat thing

Question 21

protostome blastopore

Answer 21

blastopore becomes the mouth

Question 22

deuterostome blastopore

Answer 22

blastopore becomes the anus

Question 23

know protostome vs deuterostome

Question 24

animal evolution common ancestor

Answer 24

morphological and molecular data, common ancestor resembled choanoflagellates

Question 25

porifera

Answer 25

basal group, sedentary live in water, suspension feeders who capture food particles suspended in water passing through their body, most similar to common ancestor

Question 26

porifera anatomy

Answer 26

choanocytes (flagella circulates water and captures food), amoebocyte (transport of nutrients, produce spicules), porocytes (span body wall to make pores), osculum (large opening for water)

Question 27

eumetazoa

Answer 27

clade of animals with true tissues, ctenophora and cnidaria branch off first, RADIALLY SYMMETRICAL, DIPLOBLASTIC

Question 28

Cnidaria

Answer 28

jellies, corals, hydras; carnivores and use tentacles to capture prey; dipoblastic and radial symmetry; muscles and simple neural net, sac with a central gastrovascular cavity, single opening mouth and anus, sessile polyp or motile medusa stage during life cycle; doesn't move

Question 29

bilaterians

Answer 29

most animals, 3 major clades: ecdysozoa, lophotrochozoa, deuterostomia; all have mesoderm development, trilobastic; cambrian explosion

Question 30

ecdysozoa

Answer 30

invertebrates that shed their exoskeletons through a process called ecdysis; protosomes, phyla arthroppoda and nematoda, hard chitin exoskeleton, segmented body and jointed appendages

Question 31

lophotrochozoans

Answer 31

contain mollusca and annelida (earthworms), have feeding structure called lophophore which collects water to push things in mouth, other have developmental stage trochophore larva

Question 32

deuterostomia

Answer 32

only group with invertebrates and vertebrates

Question 33

chordata

Answer 33

notochord aka backbone; dorsal, hollow nerve chord; pharyngeal slits of clefts; muscular, post-anal tail