Slide Set 6 Flashcards
Thickening of walls or arteries, loss of elasticity
arteriosclerosis
Progressive disease characterised by formation of lesions in the walls of medium and large arteries called atherosclerotic plaque
atherosclerosis
Accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries; reduced blood flow to myocardium
Coronary artery disease
Which organs can be affected by hypertension if don’t treat it?
heart
kidney
blood vessels
brain
Which drugs can treat hypertension ?
diuretics
vasodialtors
ace inhibitors (block AngII formation = vasoconstrictor)
beta blockers (beta adrenergic receptor blocker)
What is a chest discomfort caused by atherosclerosis called?
angina
What makes work of heart easier?
Nitroglycerin
Calcium channel blockers
Aspirin
Surgery
Blood =
55% plasma
45% cells
Plasma proteins
albumins
globulins
fibrinogen
transferrin
Liver disease is associated with
edema
Cells of the blood
- platelets
- red blood cells
- white blood cells
White blood cells include
Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils
In red blood cells, structures -> provide :
biconcave disks ->
spectrin ->
hemoglobin ->
biconcave disks -> flexibility
spectrin -> elasticity
hemoglobin is made up of
4 globine -> 4 heme groups -> 4 irons
What gives the red colour to hemoglobin?
Heme/iron
Differentiation of RBCs begins with
PROERYTHROCYTES
Differentiation of RBCS
hemocytoblasts proerythrocytes basophilic erythrocytes polychromatic erythrocytes reticulocytes
Which differentiated RBC produce haemoglobin ?
polychromatic erythroblasts
Reduction in platelets causes
thrombocytopenia
-> risk for haemorrhage
Reduction in WBCs causes
Leukopenia
-> risk of infections
Reduction in RBCs causes
aplastic anemia
Where are RBCs produced
bone marrow
What is erythopoiesis
is when the kidneys release erythropoietin due to low oxygen amounts -> accelerates production of RBCs
What is the hemoglobin made of?
- amino acids
- iron
- bilirubin
PCV
Packed Cell Volume = %RBC
An increase in PCV results in
polycythemia
A decrease in PCV results in
anemia
Which WBCs are capable of diapedesis
neutrophils
basophils
Which WBCs are protective against infections cause by parasitic worms and allergic reactions
Eosinophils
-> release IgE
Which WBCs have an important role in immunity
Lymphocytes
Which WBCs are highly phagocytic
Monocytes
neutrophils
Which WBCs contain lysosomes
neutrophils
Which WBCs have granules that contain heparin and histamine
basophils
What are platelets also called?
thrombocytes
3 properties of platelets?
aggregation
adhesiveness
aggregation
If you have seasonal allergies, what WBCs will react
Basophils
What are platelets formed from
Megakaryocytes
What activates platelets
Collagen binds and activates platelets
The platelet plug formation is a __ feedback
POSITIVE
- when platelets arrive, it attracts more
3 steps of blood-clotting mechanism
- release of clotting factors
- formation of thrombin
- formation of fibrin ( it attaches to platelets and forms clot)
If someone has A blood type,
Which antigen does he have on his RBC?
Which plasma antibodies does he have?
Which blood can he receive?
A antigen
Anti-B antibodies
Can receive: A blood, O blood
If someone has B blood type,
Which antigen does he have on his RBC?
Which plasma antibodies does he have?
Which blood can he receive?
B antigen
Anti-A antibodies
Can receive : B blood, O blood
If someone has AB blood type,
Which antigen does he have on his RBC?
Which plasma antibodies does he have?
Which blood can he receive?
AB antigens
No antibodies
Can receive : any blood
If someone has O blood type,
Which antigen does he have on his RBC?
Which plasma antibodies does he have?
Which blood can he receive?
no antigens
Anti-A and anti-B antibodies
Can receive : O blood
anti-Rh antibodies are usually __ in blood?
absent
-> appear in Rh- if comes in contact with Rh+ RBCs
If a mother is Rh- and foetus is Rh+ what should she be treated with?
RhoGAM suppressive drug : stops mothers body from making antibodies to Rh
If Rh+ cells enter Rh- blood, mother produces anti-Rh
what does this cause?
agglutination of RBCs
= fatal for foetus
