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Mammalian Physiology > Slide Set 6 > Flashcards

Slide Set 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Thickening of walls or arteries, loss of elasticity

A

arteriosclerosis

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2
Q

Progressive disease characterised by formation of lesions in the walls of medium and large arteries called atherosclerotic plaque

A

atherosclerosis

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3
Q

Accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries; reduced blood flow to myocardium

A

Coronary artery disease

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4
Q

Which organs can be affected by hypertension if don’t treat it?

A

heart
kidney
blood vessels
brain

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5
Q

Which drugs can treat hypertension ?

A

diuretics
vasodialtors
ace inhibitors (block AngII formation = vasoconstrictor)
beta blockers (beta adrenergic receptor blocker)

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6
Q

What is a chest discomfort caused by atherosclerosis called?

A

angina

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7
Q

What makes work of heart easier?

A

Nitroglycerin
Calcium channel blockers
Aspirin
Surgery

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8
Q

Blood =

A

55% plasma

45% cells

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9
Q

Plasma proteins

A

albumins
globulins
fibrinogen
transferrin

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10
Q

Liver disease is associated with

A

edema

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11
Q

Cells of the blood

A
  • platelets
  • red blood cells
  • white blood cells
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12
Q

White blood cells include

A 
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
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13
Q

In red blood cells, structures -> provide :
biconcave disks ->
spectrin ->
hemoglobin ->

A

biconcave disks -> flexibility

spectrin -> elasticity

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14
Q

hemoglobin is made up of

A

4 globine -> 4 heme groups -> 4 irons

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15
Q

What gives the red colour to hemoglobin?

A

Heme/iron

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16
Q

Differentiation of RBCs begins with

A

PROERYTHROCYTES

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17
Q

Differentiation of RBCS

A 
hemocytoblasts
proerythrocytes
basophilic erythrocytes
polychromatic erythrocytes
reticulocytes
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18
Q

Which differentiated RBC produce haemoglobin ?

A

polychromatic erythroblasts

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19
Q

Reduction in platelets causes

A

thrombocytopenia

-> risk for haemorrhage

20
Q

Reduction in WBCs causes

A

Leukopenia

-> risk of infections

21
Q

Reduction in RBCs causes

A

aplastic anemia

22
Q

Where are RBCs produced

A

bone marrow

23
Q

What is erythopoiesis

A

is when the kidneys release erythropoietin due to low oxygen amounts -> accelerates production of RBCs

24
Q

What is the hemoglobin made of?

A
  • amino acids
  • iron
  • bilirubin
25
Q

PCV

A

Packed Cell Volume = %RBC

26
Q

An increase in PCV results in

A

polycythemia

27
Q

A decrease in PCV results in

A

anemia

28
Q

Which WBCs are capable of diapedesis

A

neutrophils

basophils

29
Q

Which WBCs are protective against infections cause by parasitic worms and allergic reactions

A

Eosinophils

-> release IgE

30
Q

Which WBCs have an important role in immunity

A

Lymphocytes

31
Q

Which WBCs are highly phagocytic

A

Monocytes

neutrophils

32
Q

Which WBCs contain lysosomes

A

neutrophils

33
Q

Which WBCs have granules that contain heparin and histamine

A

basophils

34
Q

What are platelets also called?

A

thrombocytes

35
Q

3 properties of platelets?

A

aggregation
adhesiveness
aggregation

36
Q

If you have seasonal allergies, what WBCs will react

A

Basophils

37
Q

What are platelets formed from

A

Megakaryocytes

38
Q

What activates platelets

A

Collagen binds and activates platelets

39
Q

The platelet plug formation is a __ feedback

A

POSITIVE

- when platelets arrive, it attracts more

40
Q

3 steps of blood-clotting mechanism

A
  • release of clotting factors
  • formation of thrombin
  • formation of fibrin ( it attaches to platelets and forms clot)
41
Q

If someone has A blood type,
Which antigen does he have on his RBC?
Which plasma antibodies does he have?
Which blood can he receive?

A

A antigen
Anti-B antibodies
Can receive: A blood, O blood

42
Q

If someone has B blood type,
Which antigen does he have on his RBC?
Which plasma antibodies does he have?
Which blood can he receive?

A

B antigen
Anti-A antibodies
Can receive : B blood, O blood

43
Q

If someone has AB blood type,
Which antigen does he have on his RBC?
Which plasma antibodies does he have?
Which blood can he receive?

A

AB antigens
No antibodies
Can receive : any blood

44
Q

If someone has O blood type,
Which antigen does he have on his RBC?
Which plasma antibodies does he have?
Which blood can he receive?

A

no antigens
Anti-A and anti-B antibodies
Can receive : O blood

45
Q

anti-Rh antibodies are usually __ in blood?

A

absent

-> appear in Rh- if comes in contact with Rh+ RBCs

46
Q

If a mother is Rh- and foetus is Rh+ what should she be treated with?

A

RhoGAM suppressive drug : stops mothers body from making antibodies to Rh

47
Q

If Rh+ cells enter Rh- blood, mother produces anti-Rh

what does this cause?

A

agglutination of RBCs

= fatal for foetus

Mammalian Physiology (6 decks)

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