Slide notes- knee and foot

Question 1

What does the lateral sural cutaneous nerve branch off of?

Answer 1

common peroneal nerve

Question 2

what does the medial sural cutaneous nerve branch off of?

Answer 2

tibial nerve

Question 3

what does the saphenous nerve branch off of?

Answer 3

femoral nerve

Question 4

what does the superficial nerve branch off of?

Answer 4

common peroneal nerve

Question 5

KNOW THE DERMATOMES OF THE LOWER LEG

Answer 5

slide 2

Question 6

How many compartments are in the lower leg?

Answer 6

3; anterior, lateral, and posterior

Question 7

What innervates the anterior compartment?

Answer 7

deep peroneal nerve

Question 8

What is the path of the anterior tibial artery?

Answer 8

comes off the popliteal artery, passes thru the interosseous membrane, runs btwn the TA and EDL, branches into the anterior tibial recurrent artery and medial and lateral malleolar artery, and continues to the foot where it turns into the dorsalis pedis artery

Question 9

What can be found in the anterior compartment?

Answer 9

anterior tibial artery

Question 10

What is the lateral compartment innervated by?

Answer 10

superficial peroneal nerve

Question 11

Where does the lateral compartment get its blood supply?

Answer 11

peroneal artery which comes off the posterior tibial artery

Question 12

What branches off the peroneal artery?

Answer 12

posterior lateral malleolar artery

Question 13

What innervates the posterior leg compartment?

Answer 13

tibial nerve

Question 14

Where does the tibial nerve lie in the posterior leg compartment?

Answer 14

btwn the TP and FDL

Question 15

what is the path of the tibial artery?

Answer 15

runs btwn the TP and FDL, then btwn the FDL and FHL tendons, turns into M and L plantar artery in the foot

Question 16

What structures pass thru the flexor retnaculum?

Answer 16

Tom, Dick, ANd Harry, tibialis posterior tendon, tendon of flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, tendon of flexor hallucis longus

Question 17

What structures pass thru the extensor retnaculum?

Answer 17

tendon of anterior tibialis, tendon of extensor hallucis longus, dorsalis pedis artery, deep peroneal (fibular) nerve, tendon of extensor digitorum longus, anterior lateral malleolar artery

Question 18

What structures pass thru the posterior retnaculum?

Answer 18

peroneus longus tendon and peroneus brevis tendon

Question 19

when the tibial nerve reaches the foot, what does it split into?

Answer 19

medial and lateral planter nerve

Question 20

Where does the flexor hallucis longus tendon lie?

Answer 20

on the calcaneus

Question 21

where does the Peroneus longus tendon lie?

Answer 21

on the cuboid

Question 22

Where is the sustentaculum tali?

Answer 22

on the calcaneus

Question 23

What muscle sits on the medial and lateral sesamoid bones?

Answer 23

flexor hallucis brevis

Question 24

What position of the foot gives the most stability?

Answer 24

slightly dorsally flexed

Question 25

What does the inferior tibiofibular joint do?

Answer 25

keep malleoli together, it makes a cup for the talus to sit

Question 26

What does the talocrural joint do?

Answer 26

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Question 27

What motion does the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint do?

Answer 27

primarily inversion/eversion

Question 28

What does the midtarsal joint do?

Answer 28

augment inversion/eversion

Question 29

What is the dorsiflexion in the talocrural joint limited by?

Answer 29

neck of talus into tibia, ligaments, capsule, plantarflexors

Question 30

What is the plantarflexion in the talocrural joint limited by?

Answer 30

talus and tibia, ligaments, capsule, and dorsiflexors

Question 31

What is the ROM for dorsiflexion in the talocrural joint?

Answer 31

20 degrees for extreme motion | 10 degrees for gait

Question 32

What is the ROM for plantarflexion in the talocrural joint?

Answer 32

60 degrees for extreme motion | 20 degrees for gait

Question 33

Why is the subtalar joint important?

Answer 33

it absorbs the rotation of lower extremity and absorbs shock at heel strike

Question 34

What are the coupled motions for the subtalar joint for supination?

Answer 34

inversion/plantar felxion/add

Question 35

What are the coupled motions for the subtalar joint for pronatino?

Answer 35

eversion/dorsiflexion/abd

Question 36

What joints make up the transverse tarsal joint?

Answer 36

talonavicular joint and calcaneocuboid joint

Question 37

The motion of the transverse tarsal joint is dependent on what joint?

Answer 37

subtalar joint

Question 38

What are the ligaments of the lateral ankle?

Answer 38

anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular

Question 39

What are the ligaments of the posterior ankle?

Answer 39

calcaneofibular, posterior tibiofibular, posterior talocalcaneal

Question 40

What are the ligaments of the medial ankle?

Answer 40

deltoid ligament (posterior tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular, anterior tibiotalar)

Question 41

What do the medial ligaments of the ankle prevent?

Answer 41

eversion sprains

Question 42

What are the plantar ligaments?

Answer 42

Plantar calcaneonavicular, plantar cubidonavicular, long plantar, and short plantar, and deep transverse metatarsal ligaments

Question 43

What is another name for the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament?

Answer 43

Spring ligament

Question 44

What are the two arches of the foot called?

Answer 44

Longitudinal and transverse

Question 45

What can be found in the medial portion of the longitudinal arch?

Answer 45

``` Calcaneus Talus Navicular 3 cuneiforms 1, 2, 3 metatarsals ```

Question 46

What can be found in the lateral portion if the longitudinal arch?

Answer 46

Calcaneus Cuboid 4 and 5 metatarsal

Question 47

What can you find in the transverse arch?

Answer 47

Bases of metatarsals Cuboid 3 cuneiforms

Question 48

What is needed in the maintenance of the transverse arch?

Answer 48

``` Cuneiforms and bases of metatarsals Deep transverse ligaments Interossei Plantar ligaments Peroneus longus Tibial is posterior ```

Question 49

What so the tendons of the arches do?

Answer 49

Prevent separation of the arches and provide support from above the level of the arch

Question 50

What do the arches rely on?

Answer 50

Shape of the bones and for the ligaments to interlock with each bone

Question 51

What is keystone for the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 51

Talus

Question 52

What is keystone for the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 52

Cuboid

Question 53

What is in the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 53

``` Talus Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament Plantar app neurosis FHL FHB Peroneus longus Tibialis ant and post ```

Question 54

What is in the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 54

``` Cuboid Long and short plantar ligaments Plantar aponeurosis FDL FHL Intrinsic muscles ```

Question 55

When does the anterior tibial artery turn into the dorsalis pedis artery?

Answer 55

Level of malleoli

Question 56

Where does the deep planar artery go?

Answer 56

To the plantar arch and the level of the first dorsal interosseus

Question 57

What does the arcuate artery branch into?

Answer 57

Dorsal metatarsal artery and dorsal digital artery

Question 58

What does be medial plantar nerve innervate?

Answer 58

1, 2, 3, and half of 4 digits

Question 59

What does the lateral plantar nerve innervate?

Answer 59

Half of 4 and 5 digits

Question 60

What two structures travel deep to the flexor Digitorum Brevis?

Answer 60

Lateral plantar artery and nerve

Question 61

The 3 plantar interossei attach to digits _, _ and _.

Answer 61

3/4/5