Slide Exam 3 Study Guide Flashcards
A. Vermillion border
B. Hairs
C. Muscle
D. Accessory Salivary glands
E. Oral mucosa
Tongue
A. Lamina propria
B. Muscle layer
C. Skeletal muscle bundle cross section
D. Skeletal muscle bundle oblique section
E. Lingual (folliate) papilla
F.Taste bud
G. Seromucus glands
Lining mucosa
A. Superficial epithelium
B. Granular later
C. Prickle cell layer
D. Connective tissue with interstitial matrix in lamina propria
E. B - idk what this means
F. Stratified squamous epithelium
G. Basement membrane
H. Endothelial cells lining blood vessels
Masticatory mucosa
A. Mucus
B. Superficial, nucleated non-keratinized differentiated epithelium
C. Stratum spinosum
^ stratified squamous epithelium
D. Stratum basale
E. Oral fibroblast
F. Blood vessel
G. Connective tissue
^ lamina propria
A. Oral mucosa
B. Serous glands
C. Mucous glands
Filiform papillae
Tongue
A. Filiform papilla
B. Epithelium
C. Adipose tissue
D. Linngual salivary glands
E. Skeletal muscle
Filiform papillae
A. Fungiform
B. Filiform
C. Filiform
D. SS
E. Connective tissue
F. SS
Filiform papillae
A. CT
B. Salivary gland
Filliform Papillae
A. CT
A. Fungiform papilla
B. Nerve fibers
C. Filiform papilla
D. Fat cells
E. Collagenous connective tissue
F. Serous gland acini
taste bud
Foliate papillae
- parallel rows, taste buds in latereal wall
Circumvalate papillae
A. Stratified squamous epithelium
B. Taste buds
C. Connective tissue
D. Glands that empty into mote (trench)
Circumvallate papillae
Taste bud
Taste bud
A = whole thing
A. Parotid gland
B. Intercalated duct (simple cuboidal epithelium)
C. Striated duct (simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium)
A = whole thing
A. Parotid gland
B. Simple columnar epithelium
C. Striated duct
D. Serous acinus
E. Serous acinus
F. Plasma cells
Parotid gland
A. serous acini
B. Intercalated duct
C. Striated duct
Parotid gland
- all serous gland
Parotid gland
Submandibular gland
Has serous and mucous glands
Purple blue = serous acinus
Clumps of white = mucous cells
Submandibular gland
A. Serous demilune
- Half moon like gland that surrounds a cell (demilune = half of a moon)
- secrete into mucus acinus
Sublingual gland
- Mostly mucous
- Mucus glands are surrounded by serous demilune
Sublingual gland
A. Dentine
B. Pre-dentine
C.Odontoblasts
D. Pulp cavity
A. Enamel
B. Dentine
A. Dentine
B. Periodontal membrane (ligament)
C. Pulp cavity
D. Cementum
- Dentin
2.Cementum - Periodontal membrane
A. Dentine
B. Acellular cementum
C. Pulp
D. Cellular cementum
A. osteocytes
B. bone of socket
C. periodontal ligament
D. cementocytes
E. cementum
F. dentin
A. Dentin
B. Cellular cementum
C. Acellular cementum
D. PDL
A. Tooth
B. PL
C. Bone
A. Dentin
B. Epithelial rest cells of malassez
C. Cementoblasts
D. Cementum
E. Resting lines
F. Periodontal region
A. Dental lamina
B. Dental follicle
C. Dental papilla
A. Ameloblasts
B. Enamel organ
C. Dental papilla
Upper white: stelate reticulum
A. Bone
B. Dental Papilla
C. Dentin
D. Ameloblasts
E. Odontoblasts
F. Dental follicle
A. Ameloblasts
B. Enamel (has prismatic rod structure)
C. Dentin
A. Dentin
B. Pre-dentine
C. Odontoblasts
D. “cell free” Zone of Weil (part of dental papilla)
A. Dentin
Layer under the dentin is the odontoblasts
B. S - she didn’t define
C. Enamel
D. Ameloblasts
E. N - she didn’t define
F. Hertwig’s root sheath
Middle layer is the pulp cavity
A. Dentin
B. Enamel
Dentin and enamel are sandwiched by their respective cell types
C. Ameloblasts
D. Odontoblasts
Closest to the dental papilla
E. Dental follicle
F. Dental papilla
G. Hertwigs root sheath
Esophageal tract
A. Anus
B. Stratified squamous
C. Simple columnar
D. Rectum
Secretory Mucosa
- glands = secretory because dumping a lot of stuff
- folds to increase surface area
Absorptive mucosa
- absorptive = crypts and villi
- has lots of goblet cells
- has crypts and villi
Absorptive/protective mucosa
- no separate crypts and villi because not moving as much
- epithelium is higher and thicker because moving a more mechanically hard substance
Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium lines
A. Muscularis mucosae
B. Lamina propria
C. Muscularis propria (externa) that has external longitudinal muscle and internal circular muscle
D. Submucosa
A. Lamina propria
B. Muscularis mucosae
C. Submucosa
D. Parasympathetic ganglia
E. Parasympathetic ganglia
A. Submucosal or Meissner’s plexus
- in submucosal layer
B. mucosa
A. circular smooth muscle
B. Auerbach’s (myenteric) plexus
C. outer longitudinal muscle
D. Serosa
E. Mesothelium
A. Outer longitudinal muscle layer
B. Myeneteric/Auerbach’s plexus
C. Inner circular muscle layer
D. Glial/supporting cells
E. Neuron cell bodies
Auerbach’s plexus cross section
A. Circulatory muscle
B. Parasympathetic ganglia (I think it would be the Auerbach’s plexus)
C. Longitudinal Muscle
Esophagus
Inside white is lumen
A. Muscularis mucosa
B. Stratified squamous epithelium
C. Mucosa
D. Lamina propria
E. Submucosa
F. Muscularis externa/propria with outer longitudinal muscle and inner circular muscle
Esophagus
A. Gland
B. Muscularis mucosa
C. Esophagus lumen, lined by stratified squamous epithelium
D. Submucosa
E. Lymphoid nodule
F. Circular muscle
G. Longitudinal muscle
H. Gland
A. Striated muscle
B. Smooth muscle
C. Striated muscle
D. Smooth muscle
E. Myenteric (auerbach) plexus
F. Smooth msuscle
G. Collagenous connective tissue
H. Fibroblasts
A. Lumen
B. Muscularis mucosa
C. Submucosal glands (lots of glands present in the submucosa)
D. Internal circular muscle
E. External longitudinal muscle
A. Muscularis Mucosa
B. Muscularis Mucosa
C. Submucosal glands or esophageal glands proper
Muscularis externa of mid-esophagus: skeletal and smooth mm
Muscularis externa of lower esophagus: smooth mm only
Middle 1/3 of esophagus where there is a transition between skeletal and smooth muscle
A. Skeletal
B. Smooth
C. Smooth
D. Skeletal
Gastroesophageal sphincter
junction between esophagus and stomach
Esophagus - stratified squamous epithelium
Stomach - secretory epithelium
A. Stratified squamous
B. Gastro-esophageal junction
C. Simple columnar
D. Esophagus
E. Stomach
Esophageal-gastric junction
A. Stratified squamous epithelium
B. Glandular secretory mucosa
C. Muscularis mucosa
D. Muscularis mucosa
E. disregard me :)
Epithelial changes in GERD
A. Esophagus: stratified squamous epithelium
B. Intestinalized epithelium
C. Stomach: columnar epithelium
Esophageal cancer
Stomach
A. Rugae
B. Gastric pits and glands
C. Muscularis mucosa
D. Submucosa
E. Muscularis externa
A. Gastric epithelium - simple columnar epithelium
B. Gastric pit
C. Pit
D. Esophageal epithelium - stratified squamous
E. Lamina propria
Stomach cardia
A. Mucous cels
B. Gastric pit
C. Gastric glands
D. Muscularis mucosa
E. Submucosa
Gastric mucosal glands
A. Pit - mucous cells
B. Neck - mucous neck cells
C. Base of gland
Gastric gland
A. Muscularis mucosa
B. Base
C. Neck XX
D. Isthmus XX
E. Gastric pit
**she has a hard part telling apart the isthmus and neck so don’t really worry about it
Stomach
Gastric glands
A. Surface mucus cells
B. Mucus neck cells
A. Lamina propria
B. Surface mucus cells
C. Pit
D. Lumen
A. Surface mucus cell (tall, big goblet of mucus)
B. Lumen
Gastric glands
A. Surface mucus cells
B. Mucus neck cells
Blue - Mucus neck cells (not tall, squished/irregular, tiny vacuoles)
Green - Parietal cells (pink cytoplasm, prominent nucleus)
A. lamina propria
B. lumen
A. Gastric pit
B. Gastric glands
C. Muscularis mucosa
D. Submucosa
Parietal cell
- prominent nucleus
- pink cytoplasm
- surrounded by neck cells
Blue - Chief cells
Green - Parietal cells
A. Smooth muscle of musc-mucosae
B. Submucosa
C. Lamina propria
D. Glands
A. Parietal cell
B. Chief cell
- dark cells w/ nuclei sitting on base of cell
- organized in glandular clusters
- usually near parietal cells
- cytoplasm color varies!!!
A. Enzyme-producing cell (chief cell)
B. Acid-producing cell (parietal cell)
A. Gastric pit
B. Gastric glands
C. Muscularis mucosa
A. Acid producing cell (parietal cell)
B. Enzyme producing cell (chief cell)
C. Entero-Endocrine cell
Gastric ulcer (big divot in the middle, becomes a problem if the divot goes all the way through because then contents are being dumped into peritoneal cavity)
A. Muscularis mucosa
B. Submucosa
C. Muscularis externa
Small intestine:
Long vertical: plicae
Arrow: Villi
Villi
Indentations between Villi: crypts of lieberkuhn
Inside Villi: mucus secreting goblet cells
Left: normal healthy person
Right: Celiac disease (lacks Villi = no increased surface area to move things)
Villus
area between Villi - crypts of lieberkuhn
A. Lamina propria
B. Goblet cell
C. Lumen
D. Enterocytes
E. Brush border
A. Enterocytes (oval nuclei, tall, columnar cells)
B. Mucus cell (goblet cell)
Brush border (glycocalyx) surrounds the vili
Microvilli
Arrow: brush border (glycocalyx)
A. Goblet cell releasing mucus
B. Enterocyte
Mucus cell (goblet cell)
Paneth cells
- at base of crypt
- large eosinophilic granules
Paneth cells
- at base of crypt
- large eosinophilic granules
A. Bloodvessel
B. APUD cell (enteroendocrine cell)
- cytoplasm doesn’t stain well
- at base usually
C. endothelial cell
D. Muscularis mucosae
E. Mitotic figures
F. Paneth cells
Dark cells by paneth cells are enterocytes
Enteroendocrine cell (APUD cell)
- at base of crypt
Crypts of lieberkuhn
A. Goblet cell (white cells)
B. Lumen
C. Enteroendocrine cell (white cytoplasm with purple nucleus)
D. Crypt
E. Paneth cell (raspberry like cell)
The rest of the dark purple cells across the slide are enterocytes
Lamina propria
A. goblet cells
B. crypts
C. interstitial space of submucosa
D. Smooth muscle fibers of muscularis mucosae
E. Lamina propria
MALT
- dark cells in center are lymphocytes
MALT w/ Peyer’s patch
- giant lymphoid nodule
Peyers patches
Duodenum
- upper part are the bases of crypts
- bottom part is the submucosa. Within the submucosa are brunner’s glands (ONLY PRESENT IN DUODENUM)
- brunner’s glands are long glands that are Convoluted and usually pale staining
Duodenum
A. Pyloric glands (not the main focus)
B. Intestinal glands (not the main focus)
C. Muscularis mucosa
D. Brunner’s glands (ONLY IN DUODENAL SUBMUCOSA!!!)
Duodenum
A. Lumen
B. Villi
C. Mucosa
D. Muscularis mucosae
E. Submucosa
F. Intestinal glands
G. Brunner’s glands
Duodenum
A. Lumen
B. Mucosa
C. Goblet cell
D. Enterocytes
E. Muscularis mucosa
F. Brunner’s glands
Jejunum
A. Villi
B. Plicae circulares (jejunum usually has the most)
C. Submucosa
D. Muscularis externa
Jejunum is process of elimination since there’s nothing that makes it easily distinguishable. No brunner’s glands (not duodenum), no Peyer’s patches (not ileum), therefore, jejunum
Ileum
A. Villus
B. Peyer’s patch (ONLY IN ILEUM)
C. Muscularis externa
Colon - large intestine (no villi)
A. Mucosa
B. Muscularis mucosa
C. Submucosa
D. Inner circular muscle
E. Outer longitudinal muscle
Colon
- no villi
- no plicae
- no brunner’s glands
- no peyer’s patches
Colon
- dark blue stains are goblet cells filled with mucus
Colon
- Columnar and mucous (goblet) cells
A. Goblet cells
B. Columnar cells
C. Enteroendocrine cells
D. Stem cells
Colon - large intestine
Colon
- lymphoid follicle in the right but NOT a peyer’s patch because there is none in the large intestine
Appendix
- child
Appendix
- older person
Recto-anal junction
A. Anus
B. Stratified squamous
C. Simple columnar
D. Rectum
Liver
A. Glisson’s Capsule
B. Hepatocytes (purple cells), white cells are sinusoids
Mesothelial cells
A. Liver
B. Hepatocytes
- prominent, round nucleus
C. Binucleate
- sometimes binucleate
A. Erythrocytes in sinusoids
B. Binucleated hepatocytes
Lipofuscin
Hepatocytes
A. Round, centrally-placed nuclei
B. Prominent nucleoli
C. Binucleate hepatocyte
D. Granular cytoplasm
White spaces between hepatocyte are sinusoids so RBC are expected to be seen there
Vein in liver
- white spaces are sinusoids
- cells are hepatocytes
Blue - Sinusoid
Pink - Hepatocytes
Hepatic cords & sinusoids supported by a meshwork of type III collagen fibers that hold them together
Liver
A. Central vein
B. Kupffer cells
- sit INSIDE sinusoids, oval nuclei
C. Sinusoids
There are also endothelial cells present, they are flattened cells along the border of the sinusoid
Kupffer cells
- up top are hepatocytes (dark purple stained with circular nucleus)
- white spaces are sinusoids
- cells pressed along the outline of the sinusoid are endothelial cells
Kupffer cells
- special stain that stains the Kupffer cells blue
- Can see that they’re floating in the sinusoids
- I dont think they normally look like this, just a picture to show that they sit in the sinusoids
Stellate cells
- have lipid droplets on the outside
- in the lecture she said that they’re hard to find online and identify so doubt they’ll be on there
Stellate cells
- have lipid droplets on the outside
- in the lecture she said that they’re hard to find online and identify so doubt they’ll be on there
A. Hepatocyte
B. Space of disse
- those circular projection like bubbles above the space of disse are microvilli from hepatocytes
C. Endothelial cell
D. Sinusoids
A. Liver
B. Classic liver lobule
C. Central vein
D. Portal triad with surrounding connective tissue
Portal tract/triad
A. CT of portal area
B. Hepatic artery
C. Bile duct
D. Portal vein
Portal triad
A. Bile duct
- simple cuboidal epithelium
B. Hepatic artery
C. Portal venule
!!She said she can give us a photo like this and ask what’s inside of it, “portal triad”
A. Liver
B. Portal lobule
C. Three central veins
She said these are not as histologically exciting
A. Liver
B. Portal triads
C. Central vein
D. Liver acinus
E. Central vein
- Hepatic venules
- Zone 3
- Zone 2
- Zone 1
- Portal triad
Cirrhosis liver
Gallbladder
A. Smooth muscle
B. Epithelial cells
- tall columnar epithelium
C. Villus
No muscularis mucosa!!: Lamina propria -> Sub mucosa -> Muscularis externa
No goblet cells!!
Pancreas
dark staining = exocrine component
Pancreas
- dark staining = exocrine component
- light staining = endocrine component (Islet of langerhans)
Exocrine pancreas
A. Arteriole
B. Vein
C. Secretory acini
D. Duct
E.Islet
Exocrine pancreas
- long thing in the middle is a intercalated duct that empties into a intralobular duct
- whole thing is surrounded by secretory acini
Exocrine pancreas
A. Pancreas
B. Centro-acinar cells
C. Intercalated duct
Exocrine Pancreas
- Intralobular duct in the secretory portion of the exocrine pancreas
Extralobular duct
- Between lobules
- have lots of CT between them
A. Collagen
B. Islet of langerhans
C. Interlobular duct
D. Vascular stroma
Nephron
Yellow: Intralobular artery
Blue: Afferent arteriole
- makes the glomerulus
Green: Glomerulus
- looks like blackberry/brain
Pink: Efferent arteriole
A. Peritubular capillary network
B. Efferent arteriole
C. Glomerulus
D. Afferent arteriole
E. Intralobular artery
A. Medulla
- doesn’t have glomerulus
B. Cortex
- has glomerulus
C. Medullary ray
D. Collecting ducts
E. Blood vessel
F. Corpuscle (glomerulus)
- blackberry like structure
G. Tubules
Renal corpuscle
A. Parietal layer
- lines Bowman’s capsule (simple squamous epithelium)
B. Bowman’s space
- lines glomerulus
C. Proximal convoluted tubule
D. Podocytes
- visceral layer
- highly modified foot processes
E. Capillary
F. Mesangial cell
G. Glomerulus
A. Urinary pole (proximal convoluted tubule)
- where the blood leaves through the proximal convoluted tubule
B. Urinary space (bowman’s space)
- where blood goes into after vascular pole
C. Efferent arteriole
D. Parietal layer of bowman’s capsule
E. Afferent arteriole
F. Vascular pole
- where the afferent comes in and the efferent exits
Glomerulus is in the center and it is lined by podocytes and visceral pleura
Parietal layer of bowman’s capsule
- glomerulus is taken out but would be sitting in the middle
i dont think this photo is very important, just a visual interpretation
A. Renal corpuscle
- with bowmans space
B. Afferent arteriole
C. Proximal tubule
D. Macula densa
E. Glomerulus
F. Parietal layer of bowman’s capsule
Sliced glomerulus
Star: Bowman’s space
don’t think this photo is important
Renal corpuscle
A. Distal convoluted tubules
B. Parietal layer
C. Vascular pole
D. Mesangial cell
E. Capillaries
F. Podocytes
- large, square
- visceral layer
G. Bowman’s space
Pink: Mesangial cells
- scattered around capillaries in glomerulus
A. RBCs
- lighter staining cells are podocytes
A. Macula densa
B. Vascular pole
C. Podocytes
- lighter staining
D. Mesangial cell
E. Podocytes
F. Capillaries
G. Bowman’s capsule
H. Podocytes
A. Bowman’s space
B. Foot process
- come off podocytes
C. Endothelial cell
D. Slit diaphragm
- connect foot processes
E. Blood
F. Fenestrae
G. Basement membrane
Red dot: Fenestrae
Red arrow: lamina densa (IV)
Yellow arrow: Lamina rarae
A. Bowman’s space
B. Podocyte
C. Foot process
D. Basement membrane
E. Blood
F. Endothelial cell
Podocyte scanning
A. Filtration slit
B. Foot processes
C. Podocyte
- long processes that come off
- foot processes
- cover everything in glomerulus
A. Podocytes (big one far right)
B. Primary processes
C. Glomerular basement lamina
D. Secondary processes
- smaller
E. Capillary endothelium
F. Capillary Lumen
Podocyte
- primary processes (thick branches)
- Secondary processes (thin branches)
“SOMETHING LIKE THIS WOULD BE GREAT FOR SLIDE EXAM”
A. Capillary endothelial cell
B. Fenestrae (not closed by diaphragm)
C. Basal lamina
D. Filtration slit (closed by slit membrane)
E. Foot processes of podocyte
Kidney
Blue: Distal convoluted tubule
Pink: Proximal convoluted tubule
White: Lumen with sloughed brush border
- PT has a different looking lumen
- PT is ONLY seen in cortex because the medulla doesn’t have glomeruli
Proximal convoluted tubule
- easily identifiable comapred to DCT because the lumen of a PCT is a mess (has microvilli, brush border, overall the lumen doesn’t look clean)
Pink: Proximal convoluted tubule
- relatively larger
- messy lumen
Blue: Distal convoluted tubule
- there are lots of capillaries between the PCT and DCT because they are surrounded by a peritubular capillary network
Proximal convoluted tubule
- only seen in cortex
- big and long
- lumen border of PCT is ragged due to brush border
- cells are large so don’t often see nucleus
Proximal convoluted tubule
A. Microvilli
B. Mitochondrion
C. Basal striations
D. Capillary
Medulla
Blue: Thick portions of loop of henle
- square, cuboidal epithelium
Red: Vasa recta
- RBC
Pink: Thin portions of loop of henle
- cells bulging into lumen
Medulla - Loop of henle
A. Collecting duct
B. Thick segmnet
C. Thick segment
A. Loop of henle, thin segment
B. Loop of henle, thick segment
Medulla - Loop of henle
Blue: Thin segment
Pink: Thick segment
Orange: Collecting duct
Green: Vasa recta
Medulla - Loop of henle
Blue: Collecting duct
Red: Thick segment
Orange: Thin segment
Green: Vasa recta
A. Thick segment
B. Thin segment
C. collecting duct
- more pale cytoplasm
Distal convoluted tubule
Orange: Distal convoluted tubule
Pink: Brush border
Blue: Proximal convoluted tubule
- brush border
- microvilli in lumen
Blue: Proximal convoluted tubule
Red: Distal convoluted tubule
A. glomerulus
Blue: Afferent arteriole
Orange: Macula densa
- tall cells packed together
- need to be able to ID
A. Bowman’s capsule (parietal layer)
B. Podocyte (visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule)
C. Distal convoluted tubule
D. Macula densa
E. Juxtaglomerular cells
- don’t need to ID
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
A. distal convoluted tubule
B. juxtaglomerular cell XX
C. macula densa
D. lacis cells XX
E. afferent arteriole
A. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
B. Macula densa
- really dense area of cells
“EXPECT TO SEE A MACULA DENSA ON THE EXAM”
Large circular structures
Collecting tubules and ducts
- clear, lateral borders between cells (cuboidal-columnar)
A. collecting ducts
- can see lateral borders
B. plasma membrane
A. Thin henle’s loops
B. Thick henle’s loops
C. Collecting duct
Blue: thin henle’s loops
Red: collecting duct
Red: collecting duct
Pink: thin henle’s loop
Blue: thick henle’s loop
Plus: ascending thick segments of loops of henle
star: collecting ducts
*descending thin segments cannot be seen
Ureter
A. Transitional epithelium
B. Smooth muscle
C. Muscularis
- lumen is snowflake like
Ureter
A. Smooth CT
B. Epithelium (transitional - stratified)
C. Smooth muscle
D. Lumen
E. Ad
Ureters
A. Adventitia
B. Outer longitudinal (smooth muscle layer)
C. Middle circular (smooth muscle layer)
D. Inner longitudinal (smooth muscle layer)
E. Basement membrane?
F. Dome cell
A. Circular smooth muscle
B. Longitudinal smooth muscle
C. Transitional epithelium
Urinary bladder
arrow: dome cell or balloon cell
Urinary bladder
Balloon or dome cells
Urinary Bladder
A. Transitional epithelium
- big dome cells across the top
B. Basement membrane
C. Smooth muscle
Pituitary gland
A. Hypothalamus
B. Third ventricle
C. Infundibulum
D. Pars distalis (adenohypophysis)
E. Pars intermedia (remnant, Rathke’s pouch)
F. Pars nervosa (neurohypophysis)
G. Blood vessel in sinusoidal capillaries
H. Capsule
Pituitary gland
A. Stalk of pars nervosa (infundibulum)
B. Lumen of Rathke’s pouch
C. Pars nervosa
D. Hypothalamus
E. Pars distalis
F. Pars intermedia
Pituitary
A. Hypothalamus
- median emminance
B. Pars tuberalis
C. Pars distalis
- anterior pituitary
- darker staining
D. Pars intermedia
- can have fluid droplets
E. Pars nervosa
- posterior pituitary
- lighter staining
Pituitary gland
A. Pars distalis
- darker staining
B. Pars intermedia
- can have fluid droplets (colloid), indicates pars intermedia
C. Pars nervosa
- lighter staining
Pituitary Gland
A. Pars tuberalis
B. Pars distalis
C. Pars intermedia
- white things are colloid
D. Pars nervosa
Pars intermedia
A. Pars nervosa
B. PA
C. BV
D. Colloid
E. B
F. B
G. P
Pituitary Gland
A. Pars distalis
B. Stalk of the pars nervosa (Infundibulum)
C. Pars tuberalis
D. Pars nervosa
Pituitary Gland
A. Pars tuberalis
B. Infundibulum
C. Pars distalis
D. Pars intermedia
E. Pars nervosa
Posterior pituitary (pars nervosa)
A. Herring bodies
B. Blood vessels
Pars nervosa - Posteiror pituitary
A. Blood vessel
B. Petuicytes
- like astrocytes
C. Herring body
D. Nuclei from glial cells (pituicytes)
Herring body in pars nervosa (posterior pituitary)
A. Pituitary gland
B. Herring body
A. Pars nervosa
B. Herring bodies
C. Pituicytes (glial cells)
Pineal gland
A. Pineal gland
B. Astrocyte
C. Pinealocytes
- clumps/cords
Pinealocytes
Corpora arenacea - “brain sand”
Corpora arenacea (brain sand)
Corpora arenacea “brain sand”
- radiopaque
- pineal’s central location
A. Skeletal muscle from neck
B. Thyroid
- has round or oval follicles in it (colloid), way to identify the thyroid
C. CT septae
D. hyaline cartilage of trachea
E. respiratory epithelium
Thyroid follicle
- large periwinkle centers are colloid
A. Idk
- cells around are those that endocytosed a piece of colloid. When those cells are present, the thyroid is active
B. Active gland
C. Colloid
Parafollicular or ‘c’ cell
- cells in between follicles
- active thyroid gland
thyroid gland
Red: Follicle
Yellow: Parafollicular or ‘c’ cell
Thyroid gland
Green: Follicle
Blue: Artery
Red: Vein
Yellow: Parafollicular or ‘c’ cell
Thyroid gland
- ‘C’ cell or parafolicular cell
A. Parathyroid
- back of the thyroid
- has one cell type
- RBC’s floating in it
B. I am not sure
C. Thyroid
Parathyroid Gland
- dark staining w/o lots of cytoplasm
Red: Chief cells
Blue: Oxyphil cells
Parathyroid
A: Chief cells
B: Oxyphil cells
D: Adipocytes
- tend to get more fat in the parathyroid as we age
Parathyroid gland
Dark cell: Chief cells
Bright pink: Oxyphil cells
A: Adipocytes
C: Chief cells
O: Oxyphil cells
Exocrine pancreas
- smaller, darker staining serous cells
Acinus in the exocrine pancreas
Centroacinar cell
Centroacinar cell
A. Septa
B. Islet of langerhans (endocrine portion)
- darker cells are the exocrine portion
A. C
B. Islet of langerhans
- surrounded by exocrine pancreas
A. Connective tissue
B. Serous acinus
C. Afferent arteriole
D. Islet of langerhans (endocrine portion)
- notice there is blood supply in the endocrine portion because the IL need blood
A = whole thing
A: Glucagon (alpha cell)
- lie on the periphery of islet of langerhans
B: Islet of langerhans
A = whole thing
A: Insulin
B: Exocrine gland
Adrenal medulla:
A. Reticularis
B. Fasciculata
C. Medulla
D. Glomerulosa
A. Zona glomerulus
B. Zona fasiculata
- has spongeocytes that have lipid in cytoplasm
- foamy looking cells
- find the foamy looking layer first (zona fasiculata) and then work your way around
Zona fasiculata
- foamy cell layer
- red thing is the sinusoid
Zona reticularis
- can see zona fasiculata on right
Adrenal Medulla:
Zona glomerulosa
- under capsule
Zona fasiculata
- foamy cell part
Zona reticularis
Adrenal medulla
- in the center
A. Adrenal medulla
B. Zona reticularis
C. Adrenal cortex
D. Zona fasciculata
E. Capsule
F. Zona glomerulosa
A. Adrenal medulla
- within the medulla are chromatin cells
B. Zona reticularis
