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SOC 100 Mid #2 > Slide 2 - Social Inequality > Flashcards

Slide 2 - Social Inequality Flashcards

1
Q

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (Pyramids)
PSLES - find examples of each

A

From Bottom to top
1. Physiological
2. Safety
3. Love/belonging
4. Esteem
5. Self-actualization

Without the bottom, an individual would
not be able to attain the ones on top.

You cannot reach self actual i action without psychological needs

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2
Q

What are the 5 measures of poverty

A
  1. Absolute Poverty: Lack of necessities
  2. Relative Poverty: Inadequacy compared to average living standards
  3. Low-Income Measure: Represents people making less than half the median income
  4. Low-Income Cut-Off [ LICO]
    Spending more than 20% more than average Canadians - LI people spend more on necessities
  5. Market Basket Measure [MBM]
    estimate of basic goof of a family [ two parents/2 children]
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3
Q

What does “LICO” stand for

A

Low-Income Cut-Off
People in poverty spend more money than average Canadians on basic needs
Ex. Food, shelter, clothing

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4
Q

What does “MBM” mean

A

Market Basket Measure

Estimate cost of basic goods, representing modest basic standard of living for a “family”

Two children, one male, one female

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5
Q

What are the 5 measures of poverty

A
  1. Absolute Poverty: Lack of necessities
  2. Relative Poverty: Inadequacy compared to average living standards
  3. Low-Income Measure [LIM]: Represents people making less than half the median income
  4. Low-Income Cut-Off [ LICO]
    Spending more than 20% more than average Canadians - LI people spend more on necessities
  5. Market Basket Measure [MBM]
    estimate of the basic good of a family [ two parents/2 children]
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6
Q

What are the 5 measures of poverty?

A
  1. Absolute Poverty: Lack of necessities
  2. Relative Poverty: Inadequacy compared to average living standards
  3. Low-Income Measure: Represents people making less than half the median income
  4. Low-Income Cut-Off [ LICO]
    Spending more than 20% more than average Canadians - LI people spend more on necessities
  5. Market Basket Measure [MBM]
    estimate of the basic good of a family [ two parents/2 children]
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7
Q

How many people report Canadians being limited in their daily activities due to a disability

A

14% of adult

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8
Q

Most common disabilities

A
  1. Plain
  2. Flexibility
  3. Mobility
  4. Mental/Psychological
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9
Q

What are reasons why immigrants experience higher rates of poverty even if they hold university degrees/skills

A

foreign education/ work experience is less valued

Racism

Language difficulties

Poor social capital:
The networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively.

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10
Q

What is social stratification

A

society’s categorization of people into groups based on wealth/income, race, ethnicity, gender, age

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11
Q

4 systems of social stratification

SCES

A

Slavery

Castes

Estates

Social Classes

Social stratification refers to a society’s categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power.

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12
Q

What is social inequality

A

Unequal distribution of resources

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13
Q

Which country has one of the highest standard of living in the world but still characterized by social inequality

A

Canada

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13
Q

Which country has one of the highest standard of living in the world but still characterized by social inequality

A

Canada

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14
Q

What is Social Class - What are the levels

A

Refers to one’s position in the economic
socio-economic hierarchy

Ex. Upper, Middle, lower designations

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15
Q

How is social status categorized

A

Can be achieved [ earn it] or ascribed [born with it]

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16
Q

Our social class is generally that of our parents - what type of social status is this?

A

ascribed statues

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17
Q

What is Meritocracy

A

demonstrates that anyone can make it through hard work

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18
Q

social mobility

A

movement within and between classes

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19
Q

Vertical Mobility

A

Movement between classes

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20
Q

Difference of social/vertical mobility

A

Social Mobility: moving within the same status category

Ex. Nurse transferring from one hospital to another

Vertical Mobility: Transfer between classes

If a Mcdonald’s worker was to go to college he move up a social ranking into a businessman or whatever

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21
Q

INTRAgenerational vs. INTERgenrational
- Social Mobility can either be one of these

A

Intergenerational: change in the position of a person or a household as compared with previous generations

Ex. Your grandparents were poor but you are now rich, that in intergenerational

Intragenerational: occurring or existing between members of one generation intragenerational spite also
Ex. Change from being poor [due to parents stability] to being rich after university

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21
Q

INTRAgenerational vs. INTERgenrational
- Social Mobility can either be one of these

A

Intergenerational: change in the position of a person or a household as compared with previous generations

Ex. Your grandparents were poor but you are now rich, that in intergenerational

Intragenerational: relating to, involving, or affecting several generations.

Ex. No wealth from parents is hard to leave.

22
Q

Functionalist Theory on Social Inequality

What is Davis Moore Thesis

A

Inequalities exist in all societies, and as such, they must be necessary

23
What is functionalist theory
, theory based on the premise that all aspects of a society—institutions, roles, norms, etc. —serve a purpose and that all are indispensable for the long-term survival of the society
24
How is society suppose to function properly in the eyes of a functionalist theorist
A society must distribute its members into various social positions and persuade them to perform the duties of those positions We need workers and we need CEO's
25
According to Davis and Moore how do we receive the highest economic gains
Must have great importance for society, require greatest training or talent.
25
According to Davis and Moore how do we receive the highest economic gains
Must have great importance for society, require greatest training or talent.
26
What is wrong with the functionalist theory in terms of social inequality
Ignores that some social groups earn less regardless of talent and training [athletes/celebrities]
27
What Theory does Marx fall under
Critical Theory
28
What is Critical Theory
seeks to confront the social, historical, and ideological forces and structures that produce and constrain it. is based on the judgment that domination is a problem, that a domination-free society is needed.
29
Marx's Theory on social stratification
Social structure is messed up through private property, government taking homes away from people, expropriation of surplus wealth [The surplus produced over and above what is required to survive, which is translated into profit in capitalism] division of labour
30
Why are capitalist able to keep wages low - Failure of Marxist Revolution
Although wage is low, people need labour and capitalism is able to provide more than enough labour
31
Weber - Conflict Theories and his contribution to thoughts on social inequality
Argued that class and economic inequalities were not the only measures of social stratification - fights against marx
32
What were the three things weber thought affected social stratification
Class: Ownership of property; economic inequality Status: Prestige; honour Power: Ability to exert control over others despite their objections
33
Why would overthrowing capitalism not answer inequality
Socialism would transfer the power from the capitalist class to the government elites
34
what are the three interlocked parts of power in the U.S
Military elite corporate elite political elite
35
what are the three interlocked parts of power in the U.S
Military elite corporate elite political elite
35
what are the three interlocked parts of power in the U.S
Military elite corporate elite political elite
36
What is neoliberalism
current political philosophy; emphasizes privatization,deregulation, reduction of welfare state through reduction in programs and lowering wages
37
During 1900 what was limited state intervention - Political Economic Theorization
1929- First world war, Spanish flu 1920- roaring the twenties 1929- stock market crash/ people lost everything 1930: Depression 1939: war starts - smart people got together and questioned how lack of control over things such as banks caused depression
38
Keynesian Economics[welfare state] Political Economics [ 1940-1970]
Heavy government intervention Higher tax - to make sure everyone had a job - employment insurance, workers compensation, worker plan, family allowances [ more children, more money], housing products/social housing [ private company brought in and paid with our taxes] medical care,
38
Keynesian Economics[welfare state] Political Economics [ 1940-1970]
Heavy government intervention Higher tax - to make sure everyone had a job - employment insurance, workers compensation, worker plan, family allowances [ more children, more money], housing products/social housing [ private company brought in and paid with our taxes] medical care,
39
Examples of neoliberal discourse
from poverty to perversity tragedy of the commons criticism of the 'nanny state'
40
What is feminization of poverty
women are at greater risk of poverty
41
Why are women at greater risk of poverty
gender segregation in the workforce Gendered division of domestic labour Low wages Disproportionate responsibility for unpaid care work
42
What is an interactionist theorist [thorstein veblen] thoughts on social inequality
Highlighted the symbolic embodiment of social inequality through the practice of conspicuous consumption
43
What is conspicuous consumption
expenditure on or consumption of luxuries on a lavish scale in an attempt to enhance one's prestige.
44
What is classism
prejudice against or in favour of people belonging to a particular social class.
45
What are the three different types of classism? (IIC)
Individual Classism Institutional Classism Cultural classism
46
what is individual classism
classism on a personal or individual level Behaviour or attitudes
47
What is institutional classism?
conscious or unconscious classism manifested in societal institutions Ex. when there is less access to quality healthcare in poorer neighbourhoods; people in those neighbourhoods would experience a higher rate of illness and disease than those in higher-income neighbourhoods who have more convenient access.
48
What is cultural classism
classism manifest through our cultural norms and practices NIMBY Not In My Backyard Higher-end communities will not support low-income housing into their communities
49
What is cultural classism
classism manifest through our cultural norms and practices NIMBY Not In My Backyard Higher-end communities will not support low-income housing into their communities
50
Through the book "Blame the victim' why do people continue to live their daily life in poverty
based on belief that 'anyone can make it' if they work hard- enough

SOC 100 Mid #2 (4 decks)

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