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SOC 100 Mid #2 > Slide 2 - Social Inequality > Flashcards

Slide 2 - Social Inequality Flashcards

1
Q

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (Pyramids)
PSLES - find examples of each

A

From Bottom to top
1. Physiological
2. Safety
3. Love/belonging
4. Esteem
5. Self-actualization

Without the bottom, an individual would
not be able to attain the ones on top.

You cannot reach self actual i action without psychological needs

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2
Q

What are the 5 measures of poverty

A
  1. Absolute Poverty: Lack of necessities
  2. Relative Poverty: Inadequacy compared to average living standards
  3. Low-Income Measure: Represents people making less than half the median income
  4. Low-Income Cut-Off [ LICO]
    Spending more than 20% more than average Canadians - LI people spend more on necessities
  5. Market Basket Measure [MBM]
    estimate of basic goof of a family [ two parents/2 children]
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3
Q

What does “LICO” stand for

A

Low-Income Cut-Off
People in poverty spend more money than average Canadians on basic needs
Ex. Food, shelter, clothing

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4
Q

What does “MBM” mean

A

Market Basket Measure

Estimate cost of basic goods, representing modest basic standard of living for a “family”

Two children, one male, one female

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5
Q

What are the 5 measures of poverty

A
  1. Absolute Poverty: Lack of necessities
  2. Relative Poverty: Inadequacy compared to average living standards
  3. Low-Income Measure [LIM]: Represents people making less than half the median income
  4. Low-Income Cut-Off [ LICO]
    Spending more than 20% more than average Canadians - LI people spend more on necessities
  5. Market Basket Measure [MBM]
    estimate of the basic good of a family [ two parents/2 children]
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6
Q

What are the 5 measures of poverty?

A
  1. Absolute Poverty: Lack of necessities
  2. Relative Poverty: Inadequacy compared to average living standards
  3. Low-Income Measure: Represents people making less than half the median income
  4. Low-Income Cut-Off [ LICO]
    Spending more than 20% more than average Canadians - LI people spend more on necessities
  5. Market Basket Measure [MBM]
    estimate of the basic good of a family [ two parents/2 children]
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7
Q

How many people report Canadians being limited in their daily activities due to a disability

A

14% of adult

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8
Q

Most common disabilities

A
  1. Plain
  2. Flexibility
  3. Mobility
  4. Mental/Psychological
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9
Q

What are reasons why immigrants experience higher rates of poverty even if they hold university degrees/skills

A

foreign education/ work experience is less valued

Racism

Language difficulties

Poor social capital:
The networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively.

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10
Q

What is social stratification

A

society’s categorization of people into groups based on wealth/income, race, ethnicity, gender, age

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11
Q

4 systems of social stratification

SCES

A

Slavery

Castes

Estates

Social Classes

Social stratification refers to a society’s categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power.

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12
Q

What is social inequality

A

Unequal distribution of resources

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13
Q

Which country has one of the highest standard of living in the world but still characterized by social inequality

A

Canada

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13
Q

Which country has one of the highest standard of living in the world but still characterized by social inequality

A

Canada

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14
Q

What is Social Class - What are the levels

A

Refers to one’s position in the economic
socio-economic hierarchy

Ex. Upper, Middle, lower designations

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15
Q

How is social status categorized

A

Can be achieved [ earn it] or ascribed [born with it]

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16
Q

Our social class is generally that of our parents - what type of social status is this?

A

ascribed statues

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17
Q

What is Meritocracy

A

demonstrates that anyone can make it through hard work

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18
Q

social mobility

A

movement within and between classes

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19
Q

Vertical Mobility

A

Movement between classes

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20
Q

Difference of social/vertical mobility

A

Social Mobility: moving within the same status category

Ex. Nurse transferring from one hospital to another

Vertical Mobility: Transfer between classes

If a Mcdonald’s worker was to go to college he move up a social ranking into a businessman or whatever

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21
Q

INTRAgenerational vs. INTERgenrational
- Social Mobility can either be one of these

A

Intergenerational: change in the position of a person or a household as compared with previous generations

Ex. Your grandparents were poor but you are now rich, that in intergenerational

Intragenerational: occurring or existing between members of one generation intragenerational spite also
Ex. Change from being poor [due to parents stability] to being rich after university

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21
Q

INTRAgenerational vs. INTERgenrational
- Social Mobility can either be one of these

A

Intergenerational: change in the position of a person or a household as compared with previous generations

Ex. Your grandparents were poor but you are now rich, that in intergenerational

Intragenerational: relating to, involving, or affecting several generations.

Ex. No wealth from parents is hard to leave.

22
Q

Functionalist Theory on Social Inequality

What is Davis Moore Thesis

A

Inequalities exist in all societies, and as such, they must be necessary

23
Q

What is functionalist theory

A

, theory based on the premise that all aspects of a society—institutions, roles, norms, etc. —serve a purpose and that all are indispensable for the long-term survival of the society

24
Q

How is society suppose to function properly in the eyes of a functionalist theorist

A

A society must distribute its members into various social positions and persuade them to perform the duties of those positions

We need workers and we need CEO’s

25
Q

According to Davis and Moore how do we receive the highest economic gains

A

Must have great importance for society, require greatest training or talent.

25
Q

According to Davis and Moore how do we receive the highest economic gains

A

Must have great importance for society, require greatest training or talent.

26
Q

What is wrong with the functionalist theory in terms of social inequality

A

Ignores that some social groups earn less regardless of talent and training [athletes/celebrities]

27
Q

What Theory does Marx fall under

A

Critical Theory

28
Q

What is Critical Theory

A

seeks to confront the social, historical, and ideological forces and structures that produce and constrain it.

is based on the judgment that domination is a problem, that a domination-free society is needed.

29
Q

Marx’s Theory on social stratification

A

Social structure is messed up through private property, government taking homes away from people, expropriation of surplus wealth [The surplus produced over and above what is required to survive, which is translated into profit in capitalism] division of labour

30
Q

Why are capitalist able to keep wages low - Failure of Marxist Revolution

A

Although wage is low, people need labour and capitalism is able to provide more than enough labour

31
Q

Weber - Conflict Theories and his contribution to thoughts on social inequality

A

Argued that class and economic inequalities were not the only measures of social stratification - fights against marx

32
Q

What were the three things weber thought affected social stratification

A

Class: Ownership of property; economic inequality

Status: Prestige; honour

Power: Ability to exert control over others despite their objections

33
Q

Why would overthrowing capitalism not answer inequality

A

Socialism would transfer the power from the capitalist class to the government elites

34
Q

what are the three interlocked parts of power in the U.S

A

Military elite
corporate elite
political elite

35
Q

what are the three interlocked parts of power in the U.S

A

Military elite
corporate elite
political elite

35
Q

what are the three interlocked parts of power in the U.S

A

Military elite
corporate elite
political elite

36
Q

What is neoliberalism

A

current political philosophy; emphasizes privatization,deregulation, reduction of welfare state through reduction in programs and lowering wages

37
Q

During 1900 what was limited state intervention - Political Economic Theorization

A

1929- First world war, Spanish flu 1920- roaring the twenties 1929- stock market crash/ people lost everything 1930: Depression 1939: war starts - smart people got together and questioned how lack of control over things such as banks caused depression

38
Q

Keynesian Economics[welfare state] Political Economics [ 1940-1970]

A

Heavy government intervention
Higher tax - to make sure everyone had a job - employment insurance, workers compensation, worker plan, family allowances [ more children, more money], housing products/social housing [ private company brought in and paid with our taxes] medical care,

38
Q

Keynesian Economics[welfare state] Political Economics [ 1940-1970]

A

Heavy government intervention
Higher tax - to make sure everyone had a job - employment insurance, workers compensation, worker plan, family allowances [ more children, more money], housing products/social housing [ private company brought in and paid with our taxes] medical care,

39
Q

Examples of neoliberal discourse

A

from poverty to perversity
tragedy of the commons
criticism of the ‘nanny state’

40
Q

What is feminization of poverty

A

women are at greater risk of poverty

41
Q

Why are women at greater risk of poverty

A

gender segregation in the workforce

Gendered division of domestic labour

Low wages

Disproportionate responsibility for unpaid care work

42
Q

What is an interactionist theorist [thorstein veblen] thoughts on social inequality

A

Highlighted the symbolic embodiment of social inequality through the practice of conspicuous consumption

43
Q

What is conspicuous consumption

A

expenditure on or consumption of luxuries on a lavish scale in an attempt to enhance one’s prestige.

44
Q

What is classism

A

prejudice against or in favour of people belonging to a particular social class.

45
Q

What are the three different types of classism? (IIC)

A

Individual Classism

Institutional Classism

Cultural classism

46
Q

what is individual classism

A

classism on a personal or individual level

Behaviour or attitudes

47
Q

What is institutional classism?

A

conscious or unconscious classism manifested in societal institutions

Ex. when there is less access to quality healthcare in poorer neighbourhoods; people in those neighbourhoods would experience a higher rate of illness and disease than those in higher-income neighbourhoods who have more convenient access.

48
Q

What is cultural classism

A

classism manifest through our cultural norms and practices

NIMBY
Not In My Backyard
Higher-end communities will not support low-income housing into their communities

49
Q

What is cultural classism

A

classism manifest through our cultural norms and practices

NIMBY
Not In My Backyard
Higher-end communities will not support low-income housing into their communities

50
Q

Through the book “Blame the victim’ why do people continue to live their daily life in poverty

A

based on belief that ‘anyone can make it’ if they work hard- enough

SOC 100 Mid #2 (4 decks)

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