Sleep-Wake Disorders Flashcards
What are the key features of Insomnia?
- Complaint of dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality associated with on ore more symptoms
- Difficulty initiating sleep
- Difficulty maintaining sleep, frequent awakenings or problems falling back asleep
- Early-morning awakening
- Occurs at least 3 times a week, for at least 3 months
- Occurs despite adequate opportunity for sleep
What are the key features of Hypersomnolence?
- Excessive sleepiness despite maintaining 7h of sleep with at least one of these symptoms
- Recurrent periods of sleep or lapses into sleep within the same day
- Nonrestorative sleep, at least 9 hours of sleep
- Difficulty being fully awake after abrupt awakening
- Occurs at least 3 times a week, for at least 3 months
What are the key features of Narcolepsy?
- Irreprsessible need to sleep, lapsing into sleep or napping occuring within the same day
- 3 times a week for at least 3 months
- Episodes of cataplexy, appearing a few times a month. A. Bilateral muscle tone loss percipitated by laughter or joking. B. Spontaneous grimaces or jaw opening episodes
- Hypocretin deficiency
- Rapid Eye Movement symptoms
What are the key features of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea?
Either 1 or 2
1. Polysomnograpgy of 5 obstructive apneas/hypoapneas with either nocturnal breathing disturbances or daytime sleepiness/fatigue/unrefreshing sleep
- 15 or more obstructive apneas/hypoapneas per hour regardless of accompanying symptoms.
- Airways are blocked
What are the key features of Central Sleep Apnea?
Evidence by polysomnography of 5 or more central apneas per hour
- Airways arent block, brain fails to give the right amount of signals for breathing
What are the key features of Sleep-Related Hypoventilation?
- Episodes of decreased respiration associated with elevated CO2 levels
What are the key features of Circadic Rythm Sleep-Wake Disorder?
- Pattern of sleep disruption that is primarly due to circadian system or misalignment between endogenous circadian rythm and the sleep-wake schedule
- Lead to excessive sleepiness or insomnia, or both
- 5 different types
1. Delayed Sleep, sleep late and fails to get up in time
2. Advanced Sleep, wakes up too early than desired
3. Irregular Sleep, symptoms of insomnia and excessive sleepiness at different periods, there is no rythm
4. Non-24-hour Sleep, a longer cycle, often in blind people
5. Shift Work, lack of sleep, sleeping too much, constantly tired
What are the key features in Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders?
- Episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep, often occuring first third of the major sleep episode
- Sleepwalkig
- Sleep terrors
- No or little dream imagery is recalled
- Amnesia for the episodes is present
What are the key fetures of Nightmare Disorder?
- Repeated occurances of extended, extremely dysphoric and well-remembered dreams that usually involves efforts to avoid threats to survival, security or physical integrity
- Individual rapidly becomes oriented and alert
What are the key features in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder?
- Repeated episodes of arousal during sleep associated with vocalization and/or complex motor behaviours
- Happens during REM sleep, occurs 90mins after sleep onset and are more common during later portions of the sleep period
- After waking up, the individual is completely awake, alert and not confused nor disoriented
- REM sleep without atonia
- A history suggesting this disorder
What are the key features of Restless Legs syndrome?
- An urge to move the legs, often associated with unpleasant sensations in the legs, seen as uncomfortable
- All of following symptoms
1. Urge to move legs begins or worsens during periods of rest or inactivity
2. Partially relieved by movement
3. Worsening in evening or at night, or occurs only then - Occurs at least 3 times a week, 3 months period
