Sleep-test 2 Flashcards
Sleep deprivation outcomes
Difficult to concentrate, focus, and make judgements
Sleep is important for _________ and __________ health
Physical and emotional
Sleep is necessary for _______ and ________
Healing and growth
If you don’t get enough sleep you will gain or lose weight?
Gain weight
What is the state of being mentally relaxed free of anxiety and physically calm
Rest
What can being confined to a bed do?
Increase anxiety
If you get less than ____ hours of sleep a night you will have a higher BMI
6 hours
If you are sleep deprived how many hours does it take to show cognitive changes?
24 hours
What are some measurements you could implement to promote rest
Comfortable position, shut door to hallway, cluster your care, turn down lights
What is the sleep-wake cycle controlled by
Nervous system
What is Circadian Rhythms
24 hour day/night cycle
How are circadian rhythms synchronized?
By environmental light and dark periods
Bright light early in the morning=?
Sleep-wake rhythm to earlier
Bight light late in evening=?
Sleep-wake rhythm to later
What type of people have free running circadian rhythms
- people in ICU (lights on no windows)
* blind people (no light stimulation)
Most can transition from sleep to wake in ____ to ______ minutes
10 to 20 minutes
75-80% of sleep time is what type of sleep
NREM
What are the 3 stages of NREM
Stage 1- transition from being awake to being asleep, 10-20 min transition, easily aroused
Stage 2- decreased HR, sound sleep, decreased body temperature, 10-25 min
Stage 3- deep sleep, 20-40 minutes, deepest sleep of NREM
Deepest sleep of NREM
Stage 3
What is REM sleep important for
Memory
What often does REM sleep occur
3 to 4 times a night
What % of sleep time is REM
20% to 25% of sleep time
What part of sleep is when you have most vivid dreams
REM
When do most heart attacks happen
Toward early morning
Insomnia is experience by ___ in ____ adults
1 in 3 adults
How long must you have symptoms to be diagnosed with acute insomnia
Symptoms for at least 3 nights/wk over a 2 week period
How long must you have symptoms of insomnia to be diagnosed with chronic insomnia
Nighttime and daytime symptoms for 1 month or longer
What is insomnia aggravated by
Inadequate sleep hygiene
What ways can chronic insomnia be classified
Primary (idiopathic): lifelong difficulty in initiating and maintaining sleep, resulting in poor daytime functioning
Secondary: insomnia due to a psychiatric illness, a medical condition, medications, or substance abuse.
What is frequent awakening called
Fragmented sleep
How is insomnia diagnosed
Through self report, actigraphy (a small watch that is worn and records movement), polysomnography (sleep lab)
What is the first line of therapy for treatment of insomnia
Cognitive behavior
What kind of foods should be avoided when taking sleep medications
Avoid High-fat foods will affect absorption
What are the best kind of questions to ask some one to get information
Open-ended therapeutic communication
What age groups is narcolepsy most common in
Adolescents and 30 yr olds
What is the cause of narcolepsy
Brains inability to regulate sleep-wake cycles normally
What are the two categories of narcolepsy
With and without cataplexy
Cataplexy- sudden loss of skeletal muscle tone
Drugs used to manage narcolepsy
Amphetamine - like stimulants to relieve excessive daytime sleepiness
Antidepressant drug therapy to control cataplexy
Jet lag disorder is considered to be what type of disorder
Circadian rhythm disorder
What can be used to treat jet lag
Melatonin and exposure to daylight assist in synchronization of body clock
What is obstructive sleep apnea
Partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep . Apneic period may include hypoxemia and hypercapnia
Who is obstructive sleep apnea most common in
Smokers and obese
What is a big symptom of obstructive sleep apnea
Snoring
What are used to manage mild sleep apnea
Sleeping on side Elevating HOB Avoiding sedatives and alcohol 3 to 4 hrs before sleep Weight loss***** Oral appliance
What can be used to manage severe sleep apnea
CPAP (continuous)
BiPAP (pressure to open up then lower pressure to exhale against)
Surgery (try to take out excess tissue in throat)
What is a CPAP machine
Continuous flow for sleep apnea
Keeps tissues in throat open
What does Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (RLS) cause?
Poor sleep quality
What is Periodic Limb Movement Disorder ?
Involuntary continual movement of the legs/arms that affects individuals during sleep
What is enuresis
Bed wetting
What is older age associated with when it comes to sleep
- Overall shorter sleep time
- Decreased sleep efficiency
- More awakenings
- Insomnia Sx that typically occur with depression, heart disease, pain, and cognitive problems
What are some considerations for drug therapy for sleep with older adults
Avoid long acting benzodiazepines
Hypnotics should be used briefly
Start drugs at a lower dose and monitor carefully
What are parasomnias
Unusual and often undesirable behaviors that occur with sleep or during arousal from sleep
What are examples of parasomnias
Enuresis, hallucinations, eating, sleepwalking,sleep tremors, and nightmares
