Pain-test 2 Flashcards
What is one of the most common reasons people go to the hospital?
Pain
What is one of the most frequent side effects of pain medicine
Constipation
True of False: pain can become the medical diagnosis
True
What are characteristics of physiological pain
Protective-warns of potential damage
Transient
Localized
A defined stimulus response pattern
Characteristics of Pathological pain
Clinically significant
*means there is something wrong
Associated with inflammation and/or neuropathy
Pain outlasts the duration of the stimulus
Pain sensed in non-injured areas
Can acute pain become chronic pain?
Yes
What time of pain is associated with anxiety
Acute pain
What kind of pain is associated with depression
Chronic pain
What type of pain occurs when normal nerves transmit information about tissue trauma from the periphery to the CNS
Nociceptive pain
What type of pain is initiated by structural or functional nervous system adaptions secondary to injury
Neuropathic pain
What type of pain is a abnormal processing
Neuropathic pain
What type of pain is a normal processing
Nociceptive pain
What are the 4 steps of the physiology of pain
- Transduction
- Transmission
- Perception
- Modulation
What is the step where where you become aware to the pain
Perception
What type of neurotransmitter have to transmit pain from peripheral to higher brain
Substance P
What type of neurotransmitter deals with vasodilation and edema
Substance P
What type of neurotransmitter deals with inhibiting pain transmission
Serotonin
How can you increase Serotonin
Relaxation techniques
What type of neurotransmitter increases sensitivity to pain
Prostaglandins
What type of neurotransmitter increases pain stimuli
Bradykinin
Where is Bradykinin released?
At tissue injury
What do neuromodulators do
Prevent transmission of pain and produce analgesic effect
The idea that physical pain is not a direct result of activation of pain receptor neurons, but rather its perception is modulated by interaction between different neurons.
Gate-control theory of pain
What is a way of interpreting pain to CNS
Gate-control theory of pain
What will body do with prolonged pain
Try to adjust
Behavioral responses to pain
Irritability, anger, tired, depressed
How do older people tend to report pain
Under report pain
Physiological factors influencing pain
Age, fatigue, genes, neurological function
What can family and social support do to pain
Decrease pain
What does anxiety do to pain
Increases pain
What does a PCA pump do for somebody with pain
Gives them some control
What is a good question to ask somebody about their pain
What would you call your pain?
Gall bladder can refer pain where?
Right shoulder
Pain free isn’t realistic at times so what you defined about from somebody with pain
What pain level is acceptable to them
What is the routine and clinical approach to pain assessment/management
ABCDE
*Ask about pain regularly/assess pain systemically
*Believe the client and family in their report of pain and what relieves it
*choose pain control option appropriate for the client! family, and setting
*deliver interventions in a timely, logical, and coordinated fashion
*empower clients and their families.
Enable them to control their course to the greatest extent possible
What causes a nurse to consistently overestimate or underestimate the pain that clients experience
Bias
What do you have to do when a cognition impaired person is not able to use your pain scale
Figure out other ways to assess the persons pain
What are examples of collaborative care
PT,OT, family, clergy
Why is it important to know is if somebody is taking herbals
They can interfere and have side effects
