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Nursing > Basic Intravenous Therapy- Test 2 > Flashcards

Basic Intravenous Therapy- Test 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Purposes of IV therapy

A

Fluid and electrolyte therapy
medication administration
Blood products administration
TPN (total parental nutrition)

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1
Q

What is IV therapy

A

Infusion of fluid directly into the circulation

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2
Q

TPN

A

Total Parental Nutrition

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3
Q

When would you use a butterfly needle

A
  • short term IV therapy

- vein that is difficult to start an IV

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4
Q

What is a steel needle called

A

Butterfly

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5
Q

Characteristics of a steel needle

A

Rigid, metal, with plastic wings

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6
Q

Advantages/disadvantages of butterfly needle

A

Advantages
-easy to insert
Disadvantages
-not flexible, irritating

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7
Q

What is the common IV access device ?

Characteristics?

A

Over the Needle Catheter

Flexible plastic catheter with guide needle for insertion

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8
Q

How is Over the Needle Catheter inserted

A

Inserted using a steel guide needle for insertion and then after insertion the steel guide is removed and the flexible catheter is left behind

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9
Q

Advantages/disadvantages of Over the Needle Catheter

A

Advantages
- flexible, can use near joints, less irritation
Disadvantages
- more difficult to insert

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10
Q

What safety mechanism does a ONC have?

A

Autoguard
The needle springs back when barrel button is presses after catheter is inserted
**this prevents the nurse from having needle sticks when the steel guide needle is withdrawn

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11
Q

What are the two options for tubing

A

Macrodrip

Microdrip

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12
Q

What is drop factor

A

Size of drip itself

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13
Q

Drop factor for macrodrip

A

10 to15 drops/ml

Used with adults

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14
Q

Drop factor for microdrip

Used for?

A

60 drops/ml
Used for slow and accurate rates
Children and critical care

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15
Q

Blood tubing has a special….

A

Filter

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16
Q

What is a piggyback tubing used for

A

Secondary infusion of medications

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17
Q

How should you handle IV fluids

A

As if they are prescribed meds

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18
Q

What should you inspect a IV fluid bag for

A

Expiration date, additives present, clarity of solution, leaks

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19
Q

How many times should you read a IV fluid bad label

A

3 times

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20
Q 
Abbreviations:
Dextrose=
Water=
Lactated Ringers=
Normal Saline=
5%=
A 
Dextrose= D
Water= W
Lactated Ringers= LR
Normal Saline= NACL
5%= 5
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21
Q

What’s another name for ONC

A

Angiocatheter

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22
Q

What does D5 .2NaCl

A

5% Dextrose .2% sodium chloride

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23
Q

What is a gravity drip influenced by

A
  • height of solution bag compared to patient
  • size and patency of IV catheter
  • position of extremity
  • are there kinks in the line
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24
Q

What is timing tape used for

A

Used monitor amount infused hourly

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25
Q

What are the uses of a “Positional” gravity drip IV

A

General fluids-hydration

Emergency- start with gravity drip until IV infusion pump can be located

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26
Q

What is something that should be known about “positional” gravity drip IV

A

Rate varies greatly with movement

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27
Q

What must you do with a Infusion Pump

A

Continue site assessment & infusion rate

** machines are not perfect

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28
Q

What machine accurately infuses solution at rate prescribed

A

Infusion pump

29
Q

What is PCA

A

Patient Controlled Analgesia

30
Q

What does a PCA do?

A
  • Delivery of pain medicine through IV infusion
  • client medicated self for pain
  • machine is set to deliver specific individual dose of medication when pt presses a button
  • limit set
  • security lock to prevent setting changes
31
Q

Does a patient on a PCA use more or less pain medicine than a patient who needs to ask nurse for medicine

A

Less

32
Q

What are needle less systems used for

A

To prevent unnecessary exposure to contaminated needles

33
Q

What is priming

A

Remove all of air from the tubing

34
Q

When spiking a IV the equipment must be…

A

Sterile, closed system

35
Q

Tubing should be changed every ___ hours

A

24 hours

36
Q

What is timing tape used for

A

Along side of the bag with hourly markings

37
Q

You should inspect the IV site every ____ hours

A

2 hours

38
Q

What should you check the IV site for

A

Needle placement, redness, edema, color, temperature, presence of pain

39
Q

You should change gauze dressings every ____ hours

A

48 hours

40
Q

You should change transparent every ______ hours

A

48-72 hours

41
Q

At the change of dressing what should you do

A

Clean skin carefully

42
Q

IV rate calculation

A

Volume x drop factor / time (minutes)

= drops per min

43
Q

How should you count the drip rate

A

15 seconds
Then 30 seconds
Then 1 full minute

44
Q

What are 4 things you should remember about timing tape?

A
  • don’t cover up the name of the solution
  • start at the top of IV bag and mark hourly
  • use ink, not felt marker because it will soak through the bag
  • inspect bag hourly to see if rate of infusion is “on time”
45
Q

What does “on time” mean

A

+/- 10% of rate prescribed

46
Q

Can you catch up the infusion rate if it is behind?

A

No! Must have a physicians order to alter infusion rate

47
Q

What does KVO mean

A

Keep vein open rate

Slowest possible rate which will maintain patency of IV and not clot off

48
Q

When do you use a KVO

A

When waiting on a physicians order

49
Q

Why are KVO not used routinely

A

Can vary so much from patient to patient

50
Q

Standards for IV therapy come from

A

CDC and INS

center for disease control and intravenous nursing standards

51
Q

Can agency policies go beyond standards?

A

Yes

But they can never be less than standards

52
Q

What should you remember about solutions

A

Read label carefully (including additives), inspect expiration date, clarity, leaks, change every 24 hours or when empty

53
Q

What should you inspect when looking at tubing and when should it be changed?

A

Inspect for air in line and check drip chamber

Change every 48 hours (label with date and time)

54
Q

What should you check with site dressing? When should it be changed?

A

Check securement

Change every 24 hours according to policy

55
Q

What should you check when looking at an IV site? When should you change it?

A

Inspect for swelling, color, warmth, pain

Change site every 48 to 72 hours or when a complication occurs

56
Q

When should you discontinue a IV

A

D/C IV if physician orders or if complication occurs

57
Q

When you D/C a IV what should you do

A

Apply pressure 1-2 minutes continuously with gauze bad (not alcohol) and don’t pull up gauze to look at it
Apply band aid after bleeding stops
DOCUMENT why IV was d/c

58
Q

If a patient is on blood thinners and you D/C an IV how long should you apply pressure to site

A

5 minutes

59
Q

When should you document?

A

Initial assessment at start of care shift
Then every 2 hours
And at end of care shift

60
Q

You should asses for _____ to ________

A

Top to bottom

Bag to site

61
Q

What is infiltration?

Cause?

A

Fluid infuses into subcutaneous tissue and is around vein instead of through vein
Cause: catheter punctures vein wall

62
Q

Signs and symptoms of infiltration

A

Swelling in area, pain, pale/cool to touch because circulation being compromised in that area

63
Q

Nursing actions with infiltration

A

d/c IV

Depending on type of fluid that was in sub a tissue warm or cool compress to that area

64
Q

What is phlebitis

A

Vein inflammation

65
Q

What is thrombophlebitis

A

Inflammation of vein with clot formation

66
Q

Causes of phlebitis/thrombophlebitis

A

Mechanical or chemical irritation

67
Q

Signs and symptoms of phlebitis/thrombophlebitis

A

Warm to touch, red, very painful

68
Q

Nursing actions with phlebitis/thrombophlebitis

A

D/c IV, apply warm compress to area

69
Q

What is fluid overload?

Signs and symptoms ?

A

Too rapid of an infusion

SS: increased pulse, increased BP, fluid in lungs to auscultation

70
Q

Nursing actions with fluid overload

A

Slow IV to a KVO rate
do NOT d/c IV
Notify physician
May give IV diuretics

Nursing (8 decks)

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