Sleep Terms

Question 1

EEG while awake/active, 18-24 HZ, Very high freq, very desynchronized

Answer 1

Beta Activity

Question 2

EEG while awake/relaxed, 8-12 HZ, Like above, somewhat more synch’d

Answer 2

Alpha Activity

Question 3

EEG during Sleep 1, 4-7 HZ, Lower freq, still quite irregular, more sync’d

Answer 3

Theta Activity

Question 4

EEG during Sleep 3(&4), <4 Hz in less (&more) than 50%, Very low freq, very high voltage, very sync’d

Answer 4

Delta Activity

Question 5

During Sleep 2, 2 types of intermittent bursts of high freq or voltage, as brain settles into deeper sleep

Answer 5

Spindle & K Complex

Question 6

Another term for Sleep 3 & 4, re: low freq EEG & highly sync’d activity

Answer 6

Slow Wave Sleep

Question 7

Stage of Sleep associated with dreams

Answer 7

REM (Rapid Eye Movement)

Question 8

Another name for REM due to its contradictory nature (active, desync’d brain, but paralyzed body)

Answer 8

Paradoxical Sleep

Question 9

Conditions in which Pons suppresses motor signals sent to Cord, so muscle action prohibited

Answer 9

Atonia

Question 10

Sequence of activation in Pons = (Lateral) Geniculate => Occipital Cortex that initiates dream sleep

Answer 10

PGO Wave

Question 11

Excitatory NTs released by above to desync brain

Answer 11

Ach

Question 12

Duration (# min) of one sleep cycle through Stages 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, “Dream” sleep

Answer 12

90 minutes

Question 13

Condition after sleep deprivation in which system attempts to enter “Dream” sleep more frequently

Answer 13

REM Rebound

Question 14

Location in Hypothalamus of Circadian Clock

Answer 14

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

Question 15

“Time Giver”, a stimulus, such a bright sunlight, that can reset Circadian Clock

Answer 15

Zeitgeber

Question 16

Path of Optic Nerve collateral that connects special visual receptors in eye directly to clock

Answer 16

Retino-Hypothalamic Path

Question 17

Gland that produces a hormone that impacts on Hypothalamus to increase sleepiness

Answer 17

Pineal Gland

Question 18

The hormone mentioned above, which can also be taken as a sleep aid

Answer 18

melatonin

Question 19

Forebrain structure (anterior & dorsal to Hypothalamus) that modifies arousal in cortex

Answer 19

Basal Forebrain

Question 20

NT release by above that increase cortical arousal

Answer 20

Ach

Question 21

NT released by above that dec. cortical arousal

Answer 21

GABA

Question 22

Chemical that builds up in cell, released as NT, inhibits release of above excitatory NT promotes sleep

Answer 22

Adenosine

Question 23

Stimulant that blocks receptors for above, allowing continued cortical arousal

Answer 23

Caffeine

Question 24

Nucleus of Hypothalamus critical in initiating sleep (also assess & regulates body temperature)

Answer 24

PreOptic Area

Question 25

Structure in Pons whose function include shutting off REM sleep

Answer 25

Raphe Nuclei

Question 26

NT released by above nuclei; very low in Slow Wave Sleep, very high at the end of REM

Answer 26

Serotonin (5HT)

Question 27

“Net” from Medulla & Pons, for widespread arousal of Forebrain, esp Thalamus & Basal Forebrain

Answer 27

Reticular Formation

Question 28

Two NTs release by above, to alert brain

Answer 28

Ach & Glutamate

Question 29

(“Dark Blue Place”) An arousal center, active during new tasks, vigilance, memory foundation

Answer 29

Locus Coeruleus

Question 30

NT released by above, absent during dreams’ Amphetamines are agonist for this NT

Answer 30

Norepinepherine (NE)