Learning and Memory

Question 1

Rule of Conditioning: Event assoc’d w/ + (vs. -) reinforcement will (vs. not) be repeated

Answer 1

Law of Effect

Question 2

Developed association btwn stimuli, esp involving an unconditioned response

Answer 2

Classical Conditioning

Question 3

Developed association btwn stimulus & response

Answer 3

Operant Conditioning

Question 4

Co-activated neural circuits presumably involved in learning and retrieval of associations

Answer 4

Hebbian Cells Assemblies

Question 5

Physical changes in cells involved in above, associated w/ learning

Answer 5

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

Question 6

Area of brain in which above process has been well studies/described

Answer 6

Hippocampus

Question 7

Type of NT involved in above

Answer 7

Glutamate

Question 8

Type of receptor site for above NT that is ionotropic and easy to stimulate

Answer 8

AMPA

Question 9

Type of receptor site for above NT that is difficult to stimulate, and often requires above to first hypo-polarize cell

Answer 9

NMDA

Question 10

Type of ion that blocks ion gate of above receptor site

Answer 10

Mg++

Question 11

Type of receptor site that above can change into, after repeated co-act. in a circuit

Answer 11

AMPA

Question 12

One kind of change to dendrite structure that results in an inc. in surface area and thus of available sites

Answer 12

Dendritic Branching

Question 13

Act by post-synp. cell membrane that results in division of “active zone” of pre-synp. terminal

Answer 13

Perforation

Question 14

DNA transcribed to RNS translated to Protein production that in. likelihood of neural act.

Answer 14

Genetic Changes

Question 15

Rare (except in Hippocampus) generation of new neurons associated w/ learning

Answer 15

Neurogenesis

Question 16

Recall of specific locations, spatial judgments of familiarity

Answer 16

Spatial Memory

Question 17

Area of brain in which above process has been well studied/described

Answer 17

Hippocampus

Question 18

Motor Skill, How to do it (peck a target, ride a bike)

Answer 18

Procedural Memory

Question 19

Areas of brain in which above process [Procedural Memory] has been well studied/described

Answer 19

Cerebellum & Striatum

Question 20

Episodic (personal history) & Semantic/Associative (Fact) memory

Answer 20

Declarative Memory

Question 21

Areas of brain in which above process [Declarative Memory] has been well studied/described

Answer 21

Hippocampus & Mediodorsal Thalamus

Question 22

Types of cells found in Hippocampus whose act. becomes associated w/ particular parts of a familiar environment

Answer 22

Place Cells

Question 23

The type of map formed by a subject who gets to know the spatial layout of a particular environment

Answer 23

Cognitive Map

Question 24

Subsection of above hindbrain area associated w/ conditioning of “eye blink” response

Answer 24

Lateral Imterpositus (LIP)

Question 25

Area of Tegmentum (in midbrain) that also plays a role in “eye blink” response

Answer 25

Red Nucleus

Question 26

Task requiring application of rule “Pick alt. that is the same as the sample stimulus”

Answer 26

Match to Sample

Question 27

Area of leasioned in rats caused impairment on above task

Answer 27

Hippocampus

Question 28

Area that projects to Prefrontal Cortex, implicated in declarative memory

Answer 28

Medio-dorsal Thalamus

Question 29

Area of Cortex associated with “working memory” esp. when response delays are involved

Answer 29

Prefrontal Cortex

Question 30

Syndrome, from B1 deficiency via chronic alcoholism, that esp affects cells of above area

Answer 30

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

Question 31

Type of memory deficit most commonly associated w/ above

Answer 31

Anterograde Amnesia

Question 32

Symptom of above involving “tale-telling” in which imagination not distinguished from knowledge

Answer 32

Confabulation

Question 33

Famous patient w/ damage to Hippocampus & other temporal areas. Symptoms include…

Answer 33

H.M

Question 34

Deficit in ability to generate new (“consolidate”) memories

Answer 34

Anterograde Amnesia

Question 35

Type of learning/memories above patient unable to form

Answer 35

Declarative Memory

Question 36

Above patient did NOT show deficit in this type of learning/memory

Answer 36

Procedural Memory

Question 37

Limbic structure that plays a role in learning such as “Conditioned Fear”, and in arousal to “taboo”

Answer 37

Amygdala

Question 38

Deficit in ability to recognize (remember) faces

Answer 38

Prosopagnosia

Question 39

Area of brain associated w/ above, where presumably relevant data are “stored”

Answer 39

Inferior Temporal Cortex

Question 40

Area of brain where well-learn voices, words are “stored”

Answer 40

Dorsal Temporal Cortex