Sleep & Dreaming Ch 6, 17

Question 1

The functions of sleep are:

Answer 1

Restoration (proximate) and Protection & Preservation (ultimate)

Question 2

This measures the electrical activity of the brain (cerebral cortex)

Answer 2

Electroencephologram (EEG)

Question 3

On an EEG, the BLANK shows how far up and down the line moves from the middle and the BLANK shows how fast the line changes direction.

Answer 3

Amplitude

Frequency

Question 4

BLANK waves are higher amplitude, higher frequency waves (alert brain waves)

Answer 4

Beta Waves

Question 5

Blank waves are lower amplitude, slower frequency waves (relaxed brain waves)

Answer 5

Alpha Waves

Question 6

This stage of sleep will no longer respond to stimuli - sleep thinking (no dreams)

Answer 6

Stage 1

Question 7

This stage of sleep is similar to stage 1 but with brief periods of high frequency brain wave spindles & delta waves - sleep thinking (no dreams)

Answer 7

Stage 2

Question 8

In this stage of sleeping there is increased delta waves.

Answer 8

Stage 3

Question 9

This stage of sleep consists only of delta waves. Upon waking from this stage people feel as though they are coming out of nothingness.

Answer 9

Stage 4

Question 10

Hypersynchronous brain activity and loss of consiousness (loss of differential activity w/i the cortex) reflects BLANK

Answer 10

Slow Wave (Delta) Brain Pattern

Question 11

Slow wave brain pattern is present during:

Answer 11

Sleep stages 3 & 4, general anesthesia and some epileptic seizures

Question 12

This type of sleep is also known as paradoxical sleep.

Answer 12

Rapid Eye Movement (REM)

Question 13

EEG waves are beta waves (like alert wakefullness), sympathetic activity increase (heartrate), muscles are most relaxed, 90% is dreaming, must wake duirng this sleep to recall dreams, memory systems not active during sleep

Answer 13

REM sleep

Question 14

Patterns of sleep stages:

Answer 14

1->4 is about 1.5 hours, REM, repeat….

Question 15

There is BLANK time between REM sessions the longer you sleep. REM sessions are BLANK the longer you sleep.

Answer 15

Less

Shorter

Question 16

Alert to REM sleep directly. Sudden paralysis.

Answer 16

Narcolepsy

Question 17

Acting out dreams

Answer 17

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

Question 18

Low complexity motor skill sleep disorder (bathroom, dressing)

Answer 18

Sleep Walking

Question 19

The feeling of frozenness when awakening.

Answer 19

Sleep Paralysis

Question 20

Theories of Dreaming:

Answer 20

Freud’s dream theory (symbolic dreams-not accepted today), Activation - Synthesis (descriptive theory), Memory Consolidation (doing skills and doing them well) - practice in dreams.

Question 21

The blank theory asserts that sleep is needed to conserve energy and increase safety. It is supported by cross-species comparisons of amount and timing of sleep.

Answer 21

Preservations and protection

Question 22

The blank theory contends that the body needs sleep to recover from wear and tear. It is supported by sleep-deprivation studies in animals.

Answer 22

Body-Restoration

Question 23

REM sleep may function to maintain brain circuits & BLANK

Answer 23

consolidate new learning

Question 24

The BLANK in the hypothalamus acts as an internal clock for sleepiness and wakefulness

Answer 24

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 25

Blank synchonizes the internal clock with the Blank cycle

Answer 25

light | light-dark

Question 26

this disorder is an inability to fall asleep until very late at night or the wee hours of the morning.

Answer 26

sleep onset insomnia

Question 27

technical term for any repetitive bilogical chaneg that continues at close to a 24 hour cycle in the absence of external cues is BLANK

Answer 27

cicadian rhythm

Question 28

these people sleep much less than most of us and yet do not feel tired during the day

Answer 28

nonsomnicacs