Memory and Consciousness Ch 9 Flashcards
Exam 3
BLANK is functioning anytime some past experience has an affect on the way you think or behave now or in the future
Memory
In cognitive psychology theories are commonly called BLANK and are often summarized visually with diagrams that use boxes to represent the mind’s components and arrows to represent the mvoement of information from one component to another.
Models
Most influential model is…
modal model of the mind (modal=standard)
Three types of memory stores in Modal Model are …. conceived of metaphorically as places (boxes in the diagram) where information is held and operated on.
sensory memory, working (short term) memory, and long term memory
Each store is characterized by its Blank, Blank, and Blank.
Function (the role it plays in the overall workings of the mind), capacity (the amount of information it can hold at any given instant) and its duration (the length of time it can hold an item of information
Control processes the model specifies are Blank (four things) which govern the processing of information within stores and the movement of information from one store to another.
Attention, rehearsal, encoding, retrieval
The abilty hold and recall trace information happens in the Blank memory (irregardless if the person is paying attention to the input). This info is lost in a half to 3 seconds typically.
sensory memory
Any information that was attended to in the sensory memory moves into the next compartment which is called Blank memory. This is the major workplace of the mind. The seat of conscious thought.
working memory (aka short term memory)
Blank memory corresponds most closely to most people’s everyday notion of memory. It is the stored representation of all that a person knows.
Long term memory
Blank memory is passive (a repository of information) and blank memory is active (a place where information is thought about).
Long term and working
Memory functions to ….
recall past experiences, recall stored info, think of the future and use acquired skill
Memory problems…
failure to recall past information or experiecnces (forgetting) and recall of inaccurate information or experiences (false memories)
Two main memory systems are Blank and Blank
Explicit (declaritive or conscious) and Implicit (non-declarative or unconscous) systems
Two types of Explicit System memory
Episodic and Semantic memory
One’s own experience is BLANK memory and words, meanings and facts are BLANK memory.
Episodic and Semantic
Three types of Implicit System memory
Classical Conditioning effects, Procedural Memory and Priming
Motor skills, habits and tacit rules are BLANK memory and activation, by sensory input, of concepts in long term memory is BLANK
Procedural Memory and Priming
Explicit memory assessment includes:
Recall, recognition and relearning
Recreating the original material w/no additional prompts (shows rapid forgetting)
recall
indicating what material has been previously experienced and what is new (shows longer retention)
recognition
speed of re-acquiring material that was previsouly known but had become unavailable
relearning
An impairment of long term memory due to brain damage
amnesia
an inability to form new long-term memory (hippocampus is used to form new memories)
Anterograde Amnesia
An inability to recall previsoulsy available long term memories
Retrograde Amnesia
BLANK is what helps move along information from Sesory Store to Working Store.
Attention
Non-rehearsed information is BLANK at the Working Store level.
Displaced
The process that moves information from working store to long term sotre is BLANK
Encoding
The process where information is moved from LT Memory to Working Memory is….
Retrieval
BLANK memory store is the visual sensory memory and BLANK memory store is the Auditory sensory memory
Iconic
Echoic
When people fail to notice change to their visual worlkd when the changes occur during a brief interuption or distraction.
Change Blindness
Blank is when one task uses attention, less attention is available for other uses
Inattention Blindness
Blank decreases quality of performance on each task.
multitasking
The Working Memory has a limited capacity of Blank +or- Blank meaningul sets of data.
7 +/- 2
Grouping items into useful sets is called BLANK
chunking
Ways we loose inforamtion in the working memory are:
displacement (due to small size) and unused information will go away in 10 - 15 seconds.
the process of saying something over and over will keep it in your working memory longer is BLANK
maintenance rehearsal
The components of working memory are the Blank, Blank and Blank.
Phonological Loop (hearing and thinking about), Visual Spatial Sketchpad and Central Executive (thinking and analysis)
The process by which a person actively thinks about soemthign in a way that ties it to other information in Long Term Memory is Blank.
Encoding
Where meaningful, connected information is stored. This area has an unlimited capacity.
long term memory (LTM)
These things are needed to help facilitate BLANK of the LTM: repeatedly thinking about the meaning of information (use it or lose it), adequate REM sleep, and amugdala induced adrenaline release (not required)
Consolidation
Ways to be an effective learner:
-Make sure to understand material rather than just recognize it; -Repeatedly study the material in several sessions spaced over time; -repeat testing of both easy and hard material; -do not judge your knowledge of something immideately after studying; -get adequate sleep
Memory is organized in a Blank of Blank.
Network of associations
Blank in recall of LTM is not infallible.
Confidence
Blank from LTM is a reconstuction of what is believed to be true
Recall
LTM stores blank meaning - not details unless they are meaningful.
General
Blank confusion is related to the origin of the memory or a specific event. Suggestion and imagination can influence your memory. This contributes to the “sleeper effect” in persuasion.
Source
Blank is ever changing. It is NOT flawless.
Memory
Analysis that is occuing at anunconsious level is referred to as Blank
preattentive processing
The ability to listen and understand one person’s voice while disregarding other, equally loud or even louder voices nearby
Selective listening (cocktail-party phenomenon)
Shapes printed in colored ink for subjects to read the name of the ink coloro of each as rapidly as possible.
Stroop Interference Effect
inability to encode new explicit long-term memories
temporal-lobe amnesia
a stimulus or thought that primes a particular memory is referral to as
retrieval cue
associated because they have occured together
association by contiguity
items that share one or more properties in common are linked in memory wheter or not they occured together
association by similarity
ones generalized mental representation or concept of any given class of objects, scenes, or events is a
schema
schemas that involve the organization of events in time rather than objects in space are commonly called BLANK
scripts
