Emotions Ch 3, 6, 14 Flashcards
Exam 3
Darwin noted that humans and animals automatically communicate moods & behavioral intentions to one another through BLANK, BLANK and BLANK.
Body postures, movements, and facial expressions.
The six basic human emotional expressions are BLANK. They are evolutionary set within us. They are universal world wide.
Suprise, fear, disgust, anger, happiness, sadness
derived from or developed in response to organisms of the same species; useful to make inferences about the evolutionary origins of species typical behavior
Homologous
having similar function but a different structure and origin; not useful for tracing evolutionary origins but are useful for making inferences about the ultimate functions for species typical behaviors
Analogous
Two types of smiles in humans:
genuinely happy (Duchenne) and showing favorable disposition towards a person (this one does not entail happiness at all)
turning up of the corners of the lips and pulling in of the skin near the outside corners of the eyes is which smile type?
genuinely happy (creates crows feet, sparkly eyes) aka Duchenne smile
This smile type involves the lips alone, not the eyes
favorable disposition (false smile or greeting smile)
a subjective feeling that is mentally directed toward some object. Motivates behavior and guides choices.
emotion
The BLANK of an emotion may be a person, thing, or even, real or imagined but always somethign that is in some way meningful to the one who experiences emotion. This is what causes the emotion.
object
The BLANK associated with emotion, independent of the object is referred to by some psychologists as affect
Feeling
Emotional feelings that are not attached to objects and that last for a sufficiently long period are called BLANK
Moods
8 Primary emottions arranged as four pairs of opposites are:
joy v. sorrow, anger v. fear, acceptance v. disgust, and surprise v. expectancy
Most emotional states are accompanied by BLANK changes in the body.
peripheral
Peripheral changes include:
heart rate, BP, gland activation, etc
William James’ believed that Blank preceeded Blank and was actually the cause.
bodily reactions
emotions
This theory of emotion is not only dependant upon senory feedback pertaining to the body’s response but also on the person’s perceptions and thoughts about the environmental even that presumable evoked that response.
Schachter’s Cognition-Plus-Feedback Theory (two factor theory of emotion)
According to Eckman, sensory feedback from facial expressions contributes both to BLANK and to the production of the BLANK that accompany emotions.
emotional feelings
Full body reactions
Research of the brain’s emotional systems has focused particularly on two structures:
amygdala and prefrontal portion of the cerebral cortex
BLANK is a cluster of nuclei buried underneath the cerebral cortex in the temporal lobe is part of the limbic system. Brain’s early warning system. Receives stimulus input from all the body’s sensory systems, performs rapid assessments of the input and alerts the brain and body if it judges that some sort of whole-body or behavioral reaction may be called for. Unconscious emotional responses.
amygdala
Two methods the amygdala receives sensory input are
subcortical route and cortical route
BLANK analyzes incoming information even before that information has been processed by senosory areas of the cerbral cortex.
subcortical route
BLANK analyzes in more detail, information that has been processed by the cerebral crotex.
cortical route
As a result of removal of part of the amygdala. No longer respond fearfully to objects that had previsoulsy frightened them or aggressively to objects that had previously angered them
Psychic Blindness
Blank is essential for the full conscious experience of emotions and the ability to act in deliberate, planned ways based on those feelings.
Pre-Frontal Cortex
The feeling aspect of emotion, called BLANK, can vary in degree of arousal and degree of pleasantness or unpleasantness
affect
Psychologists have theories, but no consensus, on how to clasiry BLANK
Emotions
The right and left prefrontal corices are relatively specialised for emotional responses involving, respectively, Blank and Blank.
withdrawal
approach
Blank is the discomfort we feel when we are socially rejected or lose a vaued relationship - involves some of teh same brain areas as physical pain. It motivates us to avoid situations that could lead to social isolation.
Social Pain
BLANK acts to unite the members of a group, coordinating their actions and promoting bonds of attachment. Successful leaders are often particularly good at expressing emotions in ways that lead others to share those emotions.
Emotional Contagion
The self-conscious emotions - Blank, Blank, Blank and Blank - serve to make us more sicially acceptable to others.
guilt, shame, embarrassment, and pride
BLANK is typically felt when we have hurt someone we value. It motivates us to behave so as to bring the relationship back into balance.
Guilt
Blank is the emotional response to a real or imagined flaw in oursleves - often produces deeper pain that guilt, including a sense of powerlessness. It moviates us to withdraw, and it may evoke compassion if others witness it.
Shame
BLANK is generally felt after we inadvertently breach a social norm or receive unwanted or unexpected attention. This emotion reveals our concern for others’ feelings and can make us likeable
Embarrassment
BLANK is the emotion component of high self-esteem. In the right circumstances its expression can focus attention on our strengths and successes and lead others to ally themselves with us.
Pride
What is the new paradigm in what guides choices?
Emotions are used to make choices between options. Reason only gathers information & evaluates potential consequences
Blank evaluates emotional signifigance of stimuli for negative emotions.
amygdala
A BLANK eliminates strong negative & positive emotions
Pre-frontal lobotomy
The left frontal lobe handles the Blank emotions
positive
The right frontal lobe handles the Blank emotions
negative
People can be misled about what they BLANK
feel
Factors that increase perceived BLANK can also increase BLANK
arousal and attraction
Blank says that feeling the facial expression influences your emotions.
Facial feedback theory (this entails the two factor theory plus the facial feedback theory combined)
The four components of emotional intelligence are:
perceiving emotions, using emotions, understanding emotions, managing emotions
