Sleep Disorders Flashcards
what is consciousness and unconsciousness
consciousness= awareness of self and environment
unconsciousness= unaware, even when stimulated
what is non REM sleep
'deep sleep' partial muscle relaxation reduced cerebral blood flow reduced HR, BP and tidal volumes slower brain waves
what is REM sleep
rapid eye movement sleep
increased brain activity
atonic muscles (profoundly relaxed) except eyes and diaphragm
cerebral blood flow increased impaired thermal regulation
what types of dreams do you get in the different types of sleep
REM- narrative dreaming
Non REM- non narrative images
when in night do you get the different types of sleep
start of night= Non REM
end of night= REM
which type of sleep if more important
for adults deep sleep- allows the cortex to recover (protein synthesis, cell division and growth)
for babies REM sleep is more important for brain development
what is REM a substitute for in neonates
wakefulness - dreams allow cortex to develop without outside engagement- they sleep for 16 hrs per day
what are the three responses needed for sleep onset
homeostatic response (body needs to be tired and have been awake for long enough) emotional (brain has to be ready for bed) circadian rhythm (body clock)
what is the role of REM sleep
consolidates memory, maintains immunocompetence
when are the two circadian sleepiness peaks
4am
2pm
what do circadian rhythms control
sleep wake, appetite, body temperature, hormone secretions, alertness
how does light affect body clock
retinal ganglion cells (non rod non cone cells) projecting to suprachiasmatic nucleus are very sensitive to a specific bright blue light, this resets body clock
how does sleep affect excercise
sleep helps tissue repair
sleep related growth hormone
cell division peaks during sleep
when can the cortex rest
only when asleep
what are the pre frontal effects of sleep deprivation
irritable and suspicious
visual illusions
microsleeps and concentration lapses
dis inhibited
what behaviour is not affected by sleep deprivation
well rehearsed tasks
routine behaviour
logic tasks
how much sleep do you need per night
7-8 hrs
whats the best way to nap
for 15 mins at 2pm= 90 mins overnight
what are parasomnias
sleep disorders
what are the types of parasomnias
non rem
rem
what are the feature of non rem parasomnias
non dreaming
confusional arousals
sleep walking
sleep terrors and paralysis
bruxism
restless legs and periodic limb movement disorder
can be complex behaviours (don’t confuse with dissociation)
takes brain couple seconds to wake up, bit that wakes up is primitive - fight or flight or sex, so can do these actions without remebering
what are the features of REM parasomnias
often precede parkinsons
dreaming
simple behaviour
usually latter third of night
what are the peaks of onset of narcolepsy
15 and 36
is narcolepsy common
no
what is the clinical presentation of nacrolepsy
daytime sleepiness (involuntary somnolence during eating/ talking, may be severe, impossible to resist)
cataplexy (loss of muscle tone, triggered by emotion)
hypnagogic hallucinations (hallucinations occurring at onset of sleep)
sleep paralysis (unable to move upon falling asleep or awakening with retained consciousness)
rem behaviour disorder
what is rem sleep disorder
when people act out their dreams
what sleep disorder do all patients with parkinsons have
rem sleep behaviour disorder
what tests can be done to diagnose nacrolepsy
overnight polysomnography (overnight sleep test) multiple sleep latency (sees how fast someone falls asleep: 4 20 min naps 2 hrs apart, record RRG, muscle activity and eye movements) = patients with narcolepsy will fall asleep quickly and immediately go into REM sleep
can also do lumbar puncture, would expect low hypocretin levels in narcolepsy
