Sleep Disorders

Question 1

Narcolepsy.disorder of?.features?

Answer 1

.Disorder of REM sleep.features SO REM, or Sleep Onset REM

Question 2

Hypnagogic Hallucinations.vivid?.par?.as opposed to? has, feels like?.can happen upon?

Answer 2

.vivid, frightening presence?.paralyzed, eyes open.as opposed to hypnagogic dreamlet (emotionally flat), this has a lot of emotion, feels like someone is coming to get you.can happen upon wakening

Question 3

Narcolepsy (Sleep).half of ppl w/ narcolepsy?.less? lo?.REM during?

Answer 3

.Half of ppl w/ narcolepsy have hypnagogic hallucinations.less slow wave sleep SWS, low sleep efficiency.REM during naps

Question 4

Narcolepsy (Awake).black? like? can be caused by?.excessive? attacks? NOT?

Answer 4

Blackouts!.automatic behavior, like driving without being really conscious.excitement can cause one.excessive daytime sleepiness, with attacks of sleep (they are NOT lazy!)

Question 5

Narcolepsy (Awake).Cata? sudden attack of?.Can d?.associated w/ e?.length?

Answer 5

.Sudden attack of paralysis.Can drop things or collapse.associated w/ emotional arousal (can have fight w/ partner and collapse!).doesn’t last long

Question 6

Narcolepsy (Initiates).usually in?.frequency at onset?.causes? g or n.NOT p, but l?.freq, and gender?

Answer 6

.initiates usually in late teens or early twenties.happens once, or a few times at onset.genetic or neurological causes.NOT progressive (doesn’t get worse) but it is lifelong.1/2000 ppl, equal chance male and female

Question 7

Narcolepsy (Diagnosis).diagnosis uses? ppl go into, and?.given t? and? also an?

Answer 7

.diagnosis using MSLT (Multiple Sleep Latency Test).ppl go into sleep lab, wired up.given 20m, and someone with narcolepsy will fall asleep v. quickly in that setting (comfortable, dark, quiet).also an interview

Question 8

Narcolepsy (Treatment).st? to?.put on anti?.practice?.self-treatment?

Answer 8

.stimulants to keep awake and ward off sleep attacks.put on antidepressants.practice good sleep hygiene.self treatment, like drinking a shitton of coffee during day, but not at evening otherwise mess with sleep

Question 9

Sleep Apnea.defn?.cycle of? freq?what is associated w/ micro-arousal?.kind of physique?.mixed cases of?

Answer 9

.the absence of breathing during sleep.cycle of loud snoring, choking & sputtering, silence, sputtering/gasping, and snoring again.can happen occasionally or in sever cases 45/hourthe gasping after silence assoc. w/ micro arousal or partial awakening.assoc. w/ short neck, barrel chest, and open mouth breathing.mixed cases of osbtr sleep and central sleep

Question 10

Sleep Apnea (Obstructive Sleep Apnea).collapse of?.more common in?.weight/age freq?

Answer 10

.collapse of structural parts of the air passages.more common in males, post-menopausal women.more common w/ overweight and middle aged

Question 11

Sleep Apnea (Central Sleep Apnea).what is it?.brain’s resp centers are?.individual misses?

Answer 11

.brain messages to breath do not occur.brain’s resp centers are imbalanced during sleep.individual misses one or more cycles of breathing

Question 12

Sleep Apnea (Diagnosis & Treatments).often?.symptoms?.referred to treatment b/c?.treatment, C? works?.treatment, s? take?

Answer 12

.often misdiagnosed?.excessive daytime sleepiness, seen as lazy, depressed, careless (accidents).heart and blood pressure problems.often referred to treatment b/c partner complains.CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure), works well but weird, giant mask.also surgery, take out excess tissue in throat

Question 13

Idiopathic Hypersomnia.usually l, and c d?.unexplained e s?.normal s, but need many d n

Answer 13

.usually lifelong, and chronically debilitating.unexplained excessive daytime sleepiness.normal sleep at night, but need many daytime naps (this can be very limiting to person!)

Question 14

Parasomnias.defn?.can be?.most are d?

Answer 14

.not sleep abnormalities, but undesirable physical phenomena occuring during sleep.can be abnormal behavior, movement, perception, emotion.most are dissociated sleep states

Question 15

Restless Legs (Parasomnia).c c feelings?.feel like?.may account for? and?.usually?.more common with?

Answer 15

.creepy crawly feelings.feel like have to move/stretch/walk to stop it.may account for 15% of insomnia, and 7% of daytime sleepiness.usually NOT treated.more common with age

Question 16

PLMD (Parasomnia).defn?.sudden mvmt of?.e.g.?.freq?.may not waken… but?.onset with? stat?.often associated with?.fam?.in children identified as?.affected by?

Answer 16

.periodic limb movement disorder.sudden movement of limb involuntarily during sleep.can be a kick! or arm into air.can occur ever 10-120s.may not waken person, but wakens whoever is sleeping with them.onset w/ middle age, 40% of retirees over 65 have instances of PLMD.often assoc. w/ restless legs! co-occurs.familial (runs in families).in children, identified often as growing pains.affected by caffeine, warmth, fatigue, pregnancy, sulfites (preservatives)

Question 17

Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder.type of disorder.extreme?

Answer 17

.circadian rhythm sleep disorder.extreme night owls.they are not insomniacs.sleep is of regular duration, the time is irregular

Question 18

Sleepwalking.aka?.NOT the a?.happens primarily in? so more common in?.it’s OK to…can range from….can t to them….if bad, make sleeper’s…

Answer 18

.aka Somnambulism.NOT the acting out of a dream.happens in primarily stage 4 sleep, so more common in children.it’s OK to wake someone up who is sleepwalking, but they will be disoriented/drugged.range from simply getting out/into bed to dangerous walking outside.you can talk to them, but might not understand you, can guide to bed.if bad, make sleeper’s environment SAFE

Question 19

Sleeptalking.NOT, happens in?.50% in?, 10-20% in?.they usually? cant?

Answer 19

.NOT a disorder.happens in sleep-wake transition.half in stage 2, 10-20% in REM.usually mumbles, can’t have conversation

Question 20

REM Behavior Disorder.vivid?.during dream, loss of?.physically? w/o?.if bad, make….experiments shown?

Answer 20

.vivid dreams and nightmares.during dream, loss of REM muscle inhibition.they physically act out the dream w/o waking!.if bad, make environment safe for you AND partner!.if inhibition nerve cut in cats, hiss/prowl during REM

Question 21

Transient Insomnia.duration?.4 causes.stress?.alcohol?.other causes?

Answer 21

.Occasional or Short Term.unfamiliar or non-conducive sleep environment, stress or life stressor, jet lag & shift work, drug initiation/discontinuation.stress: probs falling asleep, staying asleep, early waking, restless sleep, unrefreshing.alcohol, sudden waking after few hours of sleep.late extreme exercise, stimulants, time shift, strong emotion, sleeping in, uncomfortable sleep conditions, illness

Question 22

Primary Insomnia(Primary ? Insomnia).not sec. to?.two causes?.describe first cause

Answer 22

.Primary Psychophysiological Insomnia.not secondary to neuroses, illness, mental disorders, other conditions.two causes: sleep incompatible behaviors AND learning.poor sleep hygiene, caffeine/alcohol, irregular sleep time, electronic devices rite b4 bed

Question 23

Describe how learning causes Persistent Psychophysiological Insomnia1. Begins during… but?2. Excessive, happens?3. Intense efforts… (but)4. People w learned insomnia often…Treatment?

Answer 23

1. Begins during a life stressor, but insomnia continues once stressor terminated2. Excessive daily worry about not being able to sleep (upon waking, worse as day progresses) 3. Intense efforts to fall asleep (but harder one tries, more induces tension, physiological arousal)4. Ppl w/ learned insomnia often sleep better AWAY from home (b/c bedroom/routines assoc w/ insomnia, conditioned anxiety).changing bedroom environment and bedtime routines can resolve learned insomnia, GOOD SLEEP HYGIENE.relaxation traning also helpful

Question 24

Primary Insomnia(Insomnia Complaints w/o Objective Findings).aka?.case study: who?.sleep in lab?.then?.went back to lab and showed? but?

Answer 24

.aka Sleep State Misperception.25 yr old student w/ chronic insomnia, less than 5 hrs each night.slept normally in lab for 8 hours according to polysomnograph, woke up and said he had a TERRIBLE sleep, his experience… hmm.then learned self hypnosis, relaxation from behavioral psychologist, took occasional sleeping pills.back to lab, reported sleeping soundly, REFRESHED, but polysomnograph reported no difference!

Question 25

Polysomnograph.comprehensive rec. of?.a record of?.measures?

Answer 25

.comprehensive recording of biophysiological changes that occur during sleep.a record of person’s sleep architecture.measures EEG, EOG, EMG during sleep