Intro to Sleep

Question 1

What is sleep?Rev…Percep…Unresp…Postural…Quie…Closed…

Answer 1

1. Reversible behavioral state2. Involves perceptual disengagement (not aware of what’s going on around us during sleep, need a strong stimulus to wake us up typically)3. Unresponsive to environment (w/i limits)4. Postural Recumbance (reclined)5. Quiescence (body is still)6. Closed eyes

Question 2

Sleep has 2 statesdescribe both

Answer 2

1. Non-REM-basically physically inactive, but body able to move-relatively active regulating brain2. REM-Very active brain (EEG)-Muscle PARALYSIS-Episodic BURSTS of rapid eye movements (nameake)

Question 3

Sleep Onsethappens through?Don’t know?

Answer 3

Happens through NREM.sleep disorders can go straight into REMDon’t know exactly when onset occurs.start w/ stage 1, but not always experienced subjectively as sleep.EEG can indicate stage 1 but they’re awake

Question 4

Hypnic Myoclonia aka?

Answer 4

Clonic Jerk.whole body spasms as falling asleep.sometimes accompanied by an image.more likely to occur with irregular sleep or stress.thought by some as an intrusion of REM sleep (image and body spasm)

Question 5

Memory is poor for the last ____ minutes before sleep onset. Why?

Answer 5

Four minute!.b/c sleep activates the transfer from short term memory to long term memory

Question 6

If we have general sleep deprivation, what is the first stage to recover?REM deprivation?Stage specific deprivation?

Answer 6

.Stage 4.REM rebound thenIf there is stage specific deprivation, there is stage specific rebound/recovery!

Question 7

EOG?EMG?EEG?

Answer 7

EOG (Electrooculogram).tracks movement of eyesEMG (electromyelogram).tracks muscular movement, often placed below chin in sleep studyEEG (electroencephalogram).brain waves

Question 8

Characteristics of being awakefreq/amp?activity?waves? are?

Answer 8

.Hi freq, low amplitude.Hi activity all over brain.Mostly beta waves.Waves are DESYNCHRONIZED

Question 9

Characteristics of Stage 1freq/amp?waves?defn?how long?low?considered what type of stage?

Answer 9

.Freq of waves decreases, but amplitude increases.Mostly ALPHA waves (lower freq hi amp than beta).definition: less than 50% waves are alpha.1-7m long.low arousal threshold (some1 walk into room).considered a TRANSITION stage, doesn’t last long

Question 10

Sleep spindle

Answer 10

Something that would wake us up in stage 1 sleep, but can’t in stage 2, but still register in brain waves

Question 11

K Complex

Answer 11

Laying down of memory during sleep

Question 12

Stage 4 sleepdefn?eyes?EMG?how changes over night?

Answer 12

.more than 50% of waves are delta.no eye movements (no EOG).low EMG.longest at beginning of night, shortens

Question 13

Characteristics of Stage 2.length?.sleep threshold?.what shows up now?

Answer 13

.last 10-25m, slightly higher sleep threshold than stage 1.sleep spindles show up here

Question 14

Characteristics of Stage 3den?

Answer 14

.20-50% delta waves

Question 15

what happens when stage 4 ends?how long?then?

Answer 15

.cycle back down the stages to an ASCENDING stage 1 (this process takes 5-10m).goes into REM sleep

Question 16

Sleep cycle is about…

Answer 16

120m (i thought it was 90m?)

Question 17

REM sleep is a recently ______ phenomenonas animals get larger?

Answer 17

recently EVOLVED phenomenon.larger animals have longer cycles (elephants huge cycles)

Question 18

Generally, we repeat sleep cycle _ timesshort sleepers have?

Answer 18

5 times!short sleepers have less stage 1/2, more stage 4/REM

Question 19

As total sleep time progresses, there is less stage, and more

Answer 19

Less stage 3 and 4, more REM!At end of sleep, REM can last up to 20-30m!

Question 20

Typical sleep averages? What takes up most sleep?

Answer 20

Stage 1 - 2-5%Stage 2, 45-55%Stage 3, 3-8%Stage 4, 10-15%REM, 20-25%

Question 21

Sleep onset involves two stages…

Answer 21

1. Inhibition of arousal system2. Facilitation/activation of the sleep induction system

Question 22

What is involved in inhibition of arousal during sleep onset?thalamus?ARAS initiates?Locus Coeruleus? in? responsible for?basal forebrain?nucleus of solitary tract?

Answer 22

.Changes in thalamus (sensory relay centre).ARAS (ascending reticular activation system) initiates REM sleep.the Locus Coeruleus in the medulla, is responsible for paralysis during REM sleep using inhibitory neurons.basal forebrain involved maintenance of NREM sleep (not there during REM).nucleus of solitary tract involved in initiation of sleep