Sleep Deprivation

Question 1

What is the typical sleep pattern

Answer 1

Sleep is entered through NREM
If entered via REM, person is either depressed, sleep deprived or has narcolepsy
SWS dominates in the first third of the night
REM predominates in the last third of the night
Wakefulness in sleep is usually less than 5% of the night

Question 2

What are the NREM stages

Answer 2

Stage 1: 2-5%
Stage 2: 45-55%
Stage 3: 3-8%
Stage 4: 10-15% (stage 3&4=stage 3)
Deep stage 3 is the most important part of sleep

Question 3

What are hypnogogic hallucinations

Answer 3

Occur on going to sleep

Question 4

What are hyponopompic hallucinations

Answer 4

Occur on waking from sleep

Question 5

What is sleep deprivation

Answer 5

Sufficient lack of restorative sleep over a cumulative period so as to cause physical or psychiatric symptoms and affect daily performance

Question 6

What are Non-REM parasomnias

Answer 6

confusion arousal, sleep walking, sleep talking, night terrors, sleep eating, sleep sex 
First third of the night
1-3 episodes per night
Frequency varies
Onset in childhood

Question 7

How are night terrors treated

Answer 7

Education
CBT-I to stabilise sleep/wake patterns
30 minute alarm method for children
Keep the room safe; be aware of new environments
Only wake fully if episode lasts >45 minutes
Pregablin or Clonazepam

Question 8

What is REM behavioural sleep disorder

Answer 8

Second half of the night
1-2 episodes per night
Mean age of onset 50-65 years
Loss of muscle atonia during REM sleep and a history of observed motor activity
Often vivid dreams with small recall - usually aggressive
May injure bed partner
Male gender predilection
Post-mortem studies suggest Lewy Body Pathology

Question 9

What is cathatrenia

Answer 9

making bovine noise at night, not a psychiatric disorder

Question 10

In REM sleep, what is the response to CO2

Answer 10

Depressed

Question 11

In REM sleep, what happens to brain O2 consumption

Answer 11

Increases