Sleep Apnea

Question 1

Diagnosis of OSAHS require the following: (Harrison pp 1723)

Answer 1

Nocturnal breathing disturbances
Five or more episodes of obstructive apnea or hypopnea per hour of sleep
Absence of symptoms BUT AHI is above 15

Question 2

The most common site for airway collapse is _____ (Harrison pp 1723)

Answer 2

Soft palate

Question 3

OSAHS is most severe during what stage of sleep? (Harrison pp 1724)

Answer 3

REM

Question 4

What is the major risk factors for OSAHS? (Harrison pp 1724)

Answer 4

Male

Obesity

Question 5

Obese individuals are ____ X risk than normal individuals to have OSAHS (Harrison 1724)

Answer 5

4

Question 6

Who are at HIGH-risk for OSAHS-related morbidities? (Harrison pp 1724)

Answer 6

Hypertension
Diabetes Mellitus
Cardiac
Cerebrovascular Disease

Question 7

Most common complaint of OSAHS (Harrison pp 1724)

Answer 7

Snoring

Question 8

Most common daytime symptom (Harrison pp 1724)

Answer 8

Sleepiness

Question 9

Gold standard for diagnosis of OSAHS (Harrison pp 1725)

Answer 9

Overnight polysomnogram

Question 10

Key physiological information collected during a sleep study (Harrison pp 1725)

Answer 10

Breathing
Oxygenation
Body position
Cardiac rhythm

Question 11

Cessation of airflow for ≥ 10 secs (Harrison pp 1725)

Answer 11

Apnea

Question 12

≥ 30% reduction in airflow for at least 10 secs during sleep that is accompanied by either ≥ 3% desaturation or an arousal (Harrison pp 1725)

Answer 12

Hypoapnea

Question 13

Partially obstructed breath that does not meet the criteria for hypopnea (Harrison pp 1725)

Answer 13

RERA (Respiratory effort-related arousal)

Question 14

Flattened or “scooped-out” inspiratory flow (Harrison pp 1725)

Answer 14

Flow-limited breath

Question 15

Numbers of apnea plus hypoapnea PLUS RERA per hour of sleep

Answer 15

Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI)

Question 16

AHI of 15-29 events/hr (Harrison pp 1725)

Answer 16

Moderate OSAHS

Question 17

OSAHS significantly increases the risk to the following disease (Harrison pp 1725)

Answer 17

CAD 
HF with or without reduced EF
Atrial and ventricular 
Arrhthymia stroke 
Atherosclerosis 
T2DM

Question 18

OSAHS symptoms have _____ increased risk of occupational accidents (Harrison pp 1726)

Answer 18

2x

Question 19

Standard medical treatment for OSAHS (Harrison pp 1727)

Answer 19

CPAP

Question 20

Treatment for OSAHS (Harrison pp 1727)

Answer 20

Reduce weight 
Optimize sleep 
Regulate sleep schedule 
Avoid sleeping in supine position 
Treat nasal allergies
Î physical activities

Question 21

Most common surgery involved for upper airway surgery (Harrison pp 1727)

Answer 21

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

Question 22

Changes inspiratory support levels across period of apnea and hypoapnea (Harrison pp 1727)

Answer 22

Adaptive seroventilation

Question 23

CPAP particularly induced central apnea (Harrison pp 1727)

Answer 23

Complex Sleep Apnea