Sleep and Rest Chapter 33

Question 1

naturally occurs as a temporary perceptual disengagement from and unresponsiveness to environmental surroundings

Answer 1

sleep

Question 2

in healthy adults this stage comprises of 75-80% of a night’s sleep time and is divided into three stages N1-N3

Answer 2

Non-REM sleep

Question 3

During this stage muscles are relaxed, but muscle tone is maintained respirations are even and blood pressure, temperature, urine formation and oxygenation consumption decrease. Sleep-walking and bed-wetting(enuresis) are most likely to occur. Dreams are realistic.

Answer 3

N3

Question 4

Closely resembles wakefulness in the EEG and is characterized by very low or absent muscle tone. It compromises about 20-25% of a night’s sleep. Respirations are irregular and oxygen consumption increases. BP and pulse show variations and fluctuate rapidly.

Answer 4

REM sleep

Question 5

a subjective state of weariness in which intense or rapid tiring accompanies physical activity.

Answer 5

fatigue

Question 6

the period of time it takes for a person to fall asleep after they turn out the light. Normal time is 7-10 minutes less than 5 may indicate excessive sleepiness. More than 30 minutes may indicate insomnia.

Answer 6

sleep latency

Question 7

Biologic rhythms that follow a cycle of 24 hours. The bodies “internal clock” that is regulated by the hypothalamus.

Answer 7

circadian rhythms

Question 8

Have 3 types of sleep: quiet, active, and indeterminate.
Newborns sleep about 16-18 hours a day. Infants sleep patterns differ from adults in that sleep often begins with active or REM sleep accounts for 50%.
By 6-9 months infant should sleep through the night.
12 months 14-15 hrs. is normal.

Answer 8

Newborn and Infants

Question 9

total sleep time averages 12-14 hrs. at age 2 and 11-12 hrs. by age 5. REM sleep drops to about 30%.

Answer 9

Toddler and Preschooler

Question 10

Require about 9 hours of sleep for optimal functioning. Girls are at higher risk for insomnia after puberty

Answer 10

adolescents

Question 11

a cluster of disorders associated with difficulty breathing and sleeping at the same time. It involves repeated interruptions of breathing during sleep that disrupts sleep and leads to hypoxemia.
Symptoms include excessive sleepiness, fatigue, depressed mood, difficulty concentrating, poor memory and unrefreshing sleep.

Answer 11

Sleep-disordered breathing

Question 12

Recurrent periods of absence of breathing for 10 seconds or longer.

Answer 12

OSA obstructive sleep apnea

Question 13

a chronic disabling neurologic disorder of excessive daytime sleepiness characterized by short almost irresistible and abnormal manifestations of REM sleep.

Answer 13

Narcolepsy

Question 14

the sudden loss of motor tone that may cause the person to fall asleep; usually experienced during a period of strong emotion

Answer 14

Cataplexy

Question 15

teeth grinding

Answer 15

Bruxism

Question 16

excessive sleep that can be caused by depression, obesity, head trauma or other damages to the CNS.

Answer 16

hypersomnia