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fundamentals > Cardiac function chapter 26 > Flashcards

Cardiac function chapter 26 Flashcards

1
Q

upper chambers

A

atria

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2
Q

lower chambers

A

ventricles

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3
Q
  • thicker muscle

- higher pressure because it must pump blood to all of the body tissues

A

left side

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4
Q

serves the lower-resistance pulmonary system

A

right side

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5
Q

period when the ventricles contract and eject blood.

A

systole

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6
Q
  • the period between contractions

- twice as long as systole, allows the heart muscle to relax and its chambers to fill with blood.

A

diastole

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7
Q

uses potassium, sodium, and calcium to generate a electrical impulse that determines the rate at which the heart beats. It is called the “pacemaker” of the heart.

A

SA node

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8
Q

-refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute.
-approximately 3.5-8 L per minute.
=Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

A

Cardiac output

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9
Q

the number of times the heart beats each minute

A

Heart rate

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10
Q

refers to the amount of blood the heart ejects with each beat

A

stroke volume

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11
Q

normal rate of newborn 130-160 bpm and rhythm is commonly irregular.
HR of less than 100 is cause for concern.
-in infant 80-150 bpm
-blood pressure is not routinely assessed but the systolic is in the low 40’s in newborns and 80-90 by 1 months

A

newborns and infants

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12
Q
  • 70-110 bpm.
  • After age 3 BP should be assessed if the childs BP is above the 95 percentile a follow-up evaluation should be done for HTN.
A

toddler and preschooler

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13
Q
  • boys have slightly higher BP than girls
  • by age 19 the BP should have stabilized
  • 120/80, 60-80 bpm
A

child and adolescent

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14
Q
  • likely to experience calcification, fatty degeneration and diminished elasticity of the blood vessels.
  • BP and HR may be slightly higher.
A

adult and older adult

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15
Q

factors that cannot be altered such as age, gender and heredity.

A

non-modifiable risk factors

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16
Q

factor that can be altered such as smoking, diet, inactivity, diabetes, stress.

A

modifiable risk factors

17
Q
  • most commonly occurs in individuals who are middle-aged, overweight or obese, and live a sedentary lifestyle.
  • Can also be caused by changes in sodium excretion in the kidneys or in changes in calcium absorption.
A

hypertension

18
Q

a genetic metabolic disorder involving diabetes, HTN, atherosclerosis, centrally distributed obesity, and elevated blood lipids.

A

metabolic syndrome (syndrome X)

19
Q

a decrease in blood flow where portions of the heart muscle can die

A

(MI) Myocardial infarction

20
Q

is an insufficient supply of blood to an organ, usually due to a blocked artery.
-manifestations include pain and organ dysfunction,

A

ischemia

21
Q

limb pain caused by poor blood flow.

A

intermittent claudication

22
Q

a temporary decreases in blood flow to the brain caused by thrombi, atherosclerosis, or cerebral hemorrhage.
-brief disturbances of speech, vision, and mobility; confusion, and numbness on one half of the body.

A

TIA (transient ischemic attack)

23
Q

complete lack of blood flow to specific areas of the brain causes tissue infarction.

A

stroke (CVA)

24
Q

myoglobin, CK-MB, troponin. BNP is another lab that is used to diagnose heart failure.
- these are drawn when there is a suspected MI.

A

cardiac biomarkers

25
Q

uses radiopaque dye to outline blood vessels and to confirm or rule out vessel blockage. This technique is used to detect aneurysms.

A

angiography

26
Q

An invasive procedure used to determine precise information concerning valve function and cardiac muscle strength

A

cardiac catheterization

27
Q

is a measurement of the percentage of blood leaving your heart each time it contracts.

  • Usually only measured in the left ventricle.
  • 55-70% is normal.
A

ejection fraction

28
Q

improve venous return in the immobile patient by stimulating the venous plantar plexus.

A

impulse foot pump

29
Q
  • sit patient up, 12 lead ekg, oxygen, bed rest, and sublingual nitroglycerine
A

treatment of chest pain

30
Q

a condition described as a weakening and out pouching of the aortic vessel. The Pt. is at risk for bleeding if the vessel ruptures.

A

AA ( arotic aneurysm)

31
Q

SA node> AV node> Bundle of his> Right and left bundle fibers> purkinje fibers

A

Conduction

32
Q

Causes the S1 Lub sound signals the beginning of systole

A

Closure of mitral and tricuspid valves

33
Q

causes the S2 Dub sound and marks the beginning of diastole

A

closure of aortic and pulmonic valves

34
Q

normal range is (70-110) at least 60 needed for kidneys to be perfused

A

(MAP) mean arterial pressure

35
Q

Early signs- sudden, severe abdominal or back pain
Late signs- shock, pulsatile abdominal mass
can be genetic

A

AAA ( Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm)

fundamentals (11 decks)

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