Sleep and Rest Flashcards
rest
state of decreased activity resulting in refreshed feeling
sleep
state of rest accompanied by altered level of consciousness
decreased sleep affects
physical and psychological health
you need ______ sleep
unfragmented
unfragmented sleep leads to
increased energy
better immune function
concentration
removes brain toxins
NREM
non rapid eye movement
how many stages of NREM
1-4
NREM stage 1
transition stage between wake and sleep
*very light and easy to arouse
*5% of sleep
NREM stage 2
light sleep
*50% of sleep
NREM stage 3
deeper sleep
*10% of sleep
NREM stage 4
deep sleep state (delta sleep)
*10% of sleep
REM
rapid eye movement
how much of sleep is NREM
75%
how much of sleep is REM
20-25%
what happens to vitals during REM sleep
P: increase
RR: increase
BP: increase
T: increase
Metabolic Rate: increase
what does REM decrease
skeletal muscle tone
deep tendon reflexes
what happens during REM
dreams!
how long does REM last
5-45 minutes
deep sleep and REM are important _____
restorative functions
restorative functions of deep sleep
growth
physical renewal
hormonal regulation
restorative functions of REM
brain
-storing memories
-learning
-mood
how long of deep sleep to feel rested
1 - 1/2 hours
what stage do we go in and out of REM
2
adults need how much sleep
7-9 hours
older adults need how much sleep
6-7 hours
what stage is absent or decreased in older adults
4
and REM
sleep difficulties in older adults
falling asleep
staying asleep (wake up often)
decreased time in deep sleep
5 illnesses associated with sleep disturbances
GERD
coronary artery disease
epilepsy
liver failure and encephalitis
end stage renal disease
why does GERD have sleep disturbances
increased gastric secretions during REM
why does coronary artery disease have sleep disturbances
angina increased in REM
why does epilepsy have sleep disturbances
increased seizures in NREM
why does liver failure and encephalitis have sleep disturbances
total disruption of sleep wake cycle
why does end stage renal disease have sleep disturbances
disturbed sleep
increased day time sleep
what are environmental factors that affect sleep in acute care settings
noises
lights
best sleep in own home
sleep trouble in new environments = decreased REM and NREM
psychological stressors affecting sleep
hospital and illness can decrease sleep and increase anxiety
meds that impact sleep
diuretics
asthma
caffeine is a ____
CNS stimulant
alcohol toxicity affects
REM sleep
nicotine has a
stimulant effect
why do obese people have difficulty sleeping
hormonal regulation
appetite of feeling satiated
dyssomnias
anything causing difficulty falling asleep/staying asleep/excessive daytime sleep
what are some sleep disorders/dyssomnias
insomnia
sleep related breathing disorders
narcolepsy
circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders
insomnia
difficulty fall asleep
intermittent sleep
early wakefulness
*most common sleep disorder
risk for insomnia
older than 60
women after menopause
depression
night shift workers
acute insomnia
brief and due to life circumstances
*usually one time
meds that lead to insomnia
antihypertensive
ADD
OTC cold and allergy
insomnia treatment
behavior modification
meds
education
what is behavior modification
sleep rituals
med that treats insomnia
muscle relaxants
insomnia education
no napping
no exercise within 3 hours of sleep
only sleep when tired
chronic insomnia
3 times a week for 3 months
OSA
obstructive sleep apnea
OSA caused by
obesity
anatomical probs
OSA signs and symptoms
excessive daytime sleepiness
snoring
abnorm sleep study
OSA stay in what stage of sleep
1 and 2
what is an abmorm sleep study
polysomnography
*diagnoses sleep disorders by recording brain waves, oxygen in blood, heart rate, and breathing
OSA treatment
weight reduction
CPAP
BiPAP
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
*delivers pressure to keep airway open, difficulty exhaling
BiPAP
biphasic positive airway pressure
*set with inspiratory pressure and cycle with exhalation
sleep apnea affects of sleep
increase Co2
*wake up to catch breath and never get to REM
narcolepsy
uncontrolled desire to sleep
signs and symptoms of narcolepsy
sleep attacks
cataplexy (strong laughter/emotion causing sudden unconsciousness- full body paralysis)
nightmares
hallucinations
sleep onset REM
narcolepsy go to what type of sleep
REM
narcolepsy treatment
ritalin
who might have misalignment of circadian rhythm and sleep wake cycle
shift work
jet lag
parasomnias
pattern of wakeful behavior appearing during REM/NREM
somnambulism
sleep walking
sleep terrors
deep stages of sleep and wake up screaming
nightmares
frightening dream
bruxism
grinding of teeth when asleep
*stress indicator
enuresis
nocturnal bed wetting during deep sleep
sleep related movement disorder
restless leg syndrome
what is restless leg syndrome
unpleasant creeping/crawling/tingling sensations in legs while sleeping
treatment for restless leg syndrome
walking
massage
stretching
caffeine, nicotine, alcohol increase or decrease restless leg syndrome
increase
promote restful environment
room dark
wrinkle free linens
comfortable temp
close door
promote bedtime ritual
stimulate at day
warm shower
read
pray
music
what should we offer before bedtime as a snack
carbs and protein
decrease fluids
hour of sleep is
10 pm
