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Fundamentals NUR 220 > Asepsis > Flashcards

Asepsis Flashcards

1
Q

definition of infection?

A

disease resulting from a pathogen in or on the body
*not all pathogens cause disease

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2
Q

what is HAI?

A

health care associated infections
infections that develop anytime during the course of treatment for other conditions

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3
Q

top offenders for HAI?

A

urinary tract infections (top)
surgical site infections
blood stream infections
pneumonia

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4
Q

nosocomial?

A

originated or occurred specifically inside a hospital setting

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5
Q

what are blood borne pathogens?

A

infectious microorganisms in the blood that can cause disease in humans

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6
Q

HAIs annually?

A

2 million infections
99,000 deaths
30.5 billion in associated costs

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7
Q

medicare/medicaid no pay list?

A

CAUTI- catheter assoc UTI
vascular catheter related infections
surgical site infections
*encourages nurses to practice correctly and safely

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8
Q

factors predisposing patients to nosocomial infections?

A

invasive device use
antibiotic resistant organisms
poor compliance w hand washing

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9
Q

3 infectious agents?

A

bacterial: most significant, most prevalent in hospital settings
virus: smallest
fungi: plant-like, present in air soil water

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10
Q

aerobic?

A

requires oxygen

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11
Q

anaerobic?

A

does not need oxygen

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12
Q

infection cycle?

A

infectious agent- pathogen
reservoir- where it lives
portal of exit- how it gets out
means of transmission- how it travels
portal of entry
susceptible host- easy to infect

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13
Q

most common way to break chain of infection?

A

hand hygiene

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14
Q

possible reservoirs of microorgs?

A

humans- ex. TB
animals/insects- mosquitos
soil- ex. tetanus
food/water- ex. E. coli
objects- fomites

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15
Q

pathogens ___ and ___ via same portals?

A

enter, exit

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16
Q

body’s first line of defense?

A

intact skin

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17
Q

factors that affect host susceptibility?

A

intact skin/mucous membranes
WBCs: low counts= pathogens multiply
splenectomy patients (spleen key in immune system)
age: neonates/elderly more susceptible (decreased immunity)
immunizations: natural or acquired
fatigue: decreased immune response
nutritional status: inhibits ability to fight infection
drug therapies: drugs suppress immune abilities (steroids, chemo)
stress: increased stress affects norm defense mechanisms
invasive/indwelling medical devices: entry portal for pathogens

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18
Q

infection stages?

A

incubation period
prodromal stage
full stage
convalescent period

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19
Q

incubation period?

A

*diff time periods w/ diff infections
organism growing/multiplying

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20
Q

prodromal stage?

A

most infectious! vague and nonspecific signs

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21
Q

full illness stage?

A

specific signs and symptoms

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22
Q

convalescent period?

A

infection recovery

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23
Q

local infection?

A

swelling, redness, pain, heat at site
loss of function
purulent drainage

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24
Q

systemic infection?

A

elevated temp (not in elderly!! normal temp, consciousness level deteriorates)
increased pulse and resp rate
enlarged lymph nodes
lethargy, anorexia (appetite loss)

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25
Q

WBC indications in infection?

A

elevated! more than 10,000
bone marrow creates immature neutrophils when WBC increase

26
Q

Neutrophils increased in what infection?

A

acute bacterial
bands= immature neutrophils

27
Q

Lymphocytes in what infection?

A

chronic bacterial (TB) and viral

28
Q

Eosinophils in what infection?

A

parasitic/fungus/allergic

29
Q

C reactive protein?

A

nonspecific, indicates inflammation
presence of pathogen in urine, blood, sputum, or drainage cultures

30
Q

VRE?

A

vancomycin resistant enterococcus

31
Q

VAP?

A

ventilator associated pneumonia

32
Q

HAP?

A

hospital associated pneumonia

33
Q

CLABSIs

A

central line associated bloodstream infections

34
Q

CAUTI

A

catheter associated urinary tract infection

35
Q

what are the bloodborne pathogens?

A

Hep B
Hep C
HIV

36
Q

how are bloodborne pathogens transmitted?

A

needlestick
cuts from contaminated sharps
mucous membrane transmission
perinatal
aerosol

37
Q

treat everyone in hospital with ____?

A

standard precautions
- all blood and body fluids as if infected
- potentially contaminated materials as if infected

38
Q

recapping dirty needles?

A

NEVER

39
Q

standard precautions tier 1?

A

apply to: blood, non-intact skin, mucous membranes, all body fluids, secretions, excretions (not sweat)
Wash hands
Wear gloves
Wear mask
Wear gown
Use sharps disposal

39
Q

Standard precautions include?

A

hand hygiene and wearing gloves
using appropriate PPE
-masks, goggles, face shields, gowns, booties, head coverings
safe work practices
-never recap dirty needles
-resp hygiene/couch etiquette
engineering controls
-needless IVs, safety lancets

40
Q

when do we wash?

A

wash in and out of rooms
before direct patient contact
after direct contact w patient skin
after contact w body fluids
before putting on sterile gloves
after removing gloves
before procedures
after touching patient surroundings

41
Q

when to use soap and water?

A

C. diff

42
Q

is PPE sterile?

A

no

43
Q

donning and doffing?

A

putting on:
gown, mask, eyewear, gloves (pull over cuff of gown)
taking off: gloves, gown, eyewear, mask

44
Q

N95 vs PPE?

A

N95- inhaled air
PPE- exhaled air

45
Q

what to do if eyes/mouth are exposed?

A

rinse w continuous water for 5 mins

46
Q

what to do when standard precautions not enough?

A

transmission precautions (tier 2)
*use in addition to standard

47
Q

transmission precautions?

A

contact
airborne
droplet

48
Q

contact based?

A

MRSA
C diff

49
Q

droplet based?

A

influenza
pertussis

50
Q

airborne based?

A

Covid
TB
measles
chickenpox
scabes

51
Q

room requirements for airborne?

A

negative pressure isolation
*use N95

52
Q

mask for droplet precaution?

A

surgical mask- NOT N95

53
Q

what is a redzone?

A

need full PPE and respirator to enter

54
Q

isolation room patients suffer from?

A

depression
anxiety
fewer visits from staff
increased adverse events

55
Q

medical asepsis

A

clean technique: hand washing, PPE

56
Q

surgical asepsis

A

operating room, labor/delivery areas
anytime you penetrate skin (blood draws, injections, IV)
invasive procedures, sterile dressings, central line dressings, urinary cath insertion

57
Q

disposal?

A

black: Rx waste
orange: hazardous waste
yellow: chemo waste
blue: drain/sewer
red but white box: sharps
red: medical waste
tan: general waste

58
Q

iatrogenic?

A

result from treatment of diagnostic procedures

59
Q

airborne?

A

fine particles that travel far

60
Q

droplet?

A

large particles

Fundamentals NUR 220 (21 decks)

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