Asepsis

Question 1

definition of infection?

Answer 1

disease resulting from a pathogen in or on the body
*not all pathogens cause disease

Question 2

what is HAI?

Answer 2

health care associated infections
infections that develop anytime during the course of treatment for other conditions

Question 3

top offenders for HAI?

Answer 3

urinary tract infections (top)
surgical site infections
blood stream infections
pneumonia

Question 4

nosocomial?

Answer 4

originated or occurred specifically inside a hospital setting

Question 5

what are blood borne pathogens?

Answer 5

infectious microorganisms in the blood that can cause disease in humans

Question 6

HAIs annually?

Answer 6

2 million infections
99,000 deaths
30.5 billion in associated costs

Question 7

medicare/medicaid no pay list?

Answer 7

CAUTI- catheter assoc UTI
vascular catheter related infections
surgical site infections
*encourages nurses to practice correctly and safely

Question 8

factors predisposing patients to nosocomial infections?

Answer 8

invasive device use
antibiotic resistant organisms
poor compliance w hand washing

Question 9

3 infectious agents?

Answer 9

bacterial: most significant, most prevalent in hospital settings
virus: smallest
fungi: plant-like, present in air soil water

Question 10

aerobic?

Answer 10

requires oxygen

Question 11

anaerobic?

Answer 11

does not need oxygen

Question 12

infection cycle?

Answer 12

infectious agent- pathogen
reservoir- where it lives
portal of exit- how it gets out
means of transmission- how it travels
portal of entry
susceptible host- easy to infect

Question 13

most common way to break chain of infection?

Answer 13

hand hygiene

Question 14

possible reservoirs of microorgs?

Answer 14

humans- ex. TB
animals/insects- mosquitos
soil- ex. tetanus
food/water- ex. E. coli
objects- fomites

Question 15

pathogens ___ and ___ via same portals?

Answer 15

enter, exit

Question 16

body’s first line of defense?

Answer 16

intact skin

Question 17

factors that affect host susceptibility?

Answer 17

intact skin/mucous membranes
WBCs: low counts= pathogens multiply
splenectomy patients (spleen key in immune system)
age: neonates/elderly more susceptible (decreased immunity)
immunizations: natural or acquired
fatigue: decreased immune response
nutritional status: inhibits ability to fight infection
drug therapies: drugs suppress immune abilities (steroids, chemo)
stress: increased stress affects norm defense mechanisms
invasive/indwelling medical devices: entry portal for pathogens

Question 18

infection stages?

Answer 18

incubation period
prodromal stage
full stage
convalescent period

Question 19

incubation period?

Answer 19

*diff time periods w/ diff infections
organism growing/multiplying

Question 20

prodromal stage?

Answer 20

most infectious! vague and nonspecific signs

Question 21

full illness stage?

Answer 21

specific signs and symptoms

Question 22

convalescent period?

Answer 22

infection recovery

Question 23

local infection?

Answer 23

swelling, redness, pain, heat at site
loss of function
purulent drainage

Question 24

systemic infection?

Answer 24

elevated temp (not in elderly!! normal temp, consciousness level deteriorates)
increased pulse and resp rate
enlarged lymph nodes
lethargy, anorexia (appetite loss)

Question 25

WBC indications in infection?

Answer 25

elevated! more than 10,000 bone marrow creates immature neutrophils when WBC increase

Question 26

Neutrophils increased in what infection?

Answer 26

acute bacterial bands= immature neutrophils

Question 27

Lymphocytes in what infection?

Answer 27

chronic bacterial (TB) and viral

Question 28

Eosinophils in what infection?

Answer 28

parasitic/fungus/allergic

Question 29

C reactive protein?

Answer 29

nonspecific, indicates inflammation presence of pathogen in urine, blood, sputum, or drainage cultures

Question 30

VRE?

Answer 30

vancomycin resistant enterococcus

Question 31

VAP?

Answer 31

ventilator associated pneumonia

Question 32

HAP?

Answer 32

hospital associated pneumonia

Question 33

CLABSIs

Answer 33

central line associated bloodstream infections

Question 34

CAUTI

Answer 34

catheter associated urinary tract infection

Question 35

what are the bloodborne pathogens?

Answer 35

Hep B Hep C HIV

Question 36

how are bloodborne pathogens transmitted?

Answer 36

needlestick cuts from contaminated sharps mucous membrane transmission perinatal aerosol

Question 37

treat everyone in hospital with ____?

Answer 37

standard precautions - all blood and body fluids as if infected - potentially contaminated materials as if infected

Question 38

recapping dirty needles?

Answer 38

NEVER

Question 39

standard precautions tier 1?

Answer 39

apply to: blood, non-intact skin, mucous membranes, all body fluids, secretions, excretions (not sweat) Wash hands Wear gloves Wear mask Wear gown Use sharps disposal

Question 39

Standard precautions include?

Answer 39

hand hygiene and wearing gloves using appropriate PPE -masks, goggles, face shields, gowns, booties, head coverings safe work practices -never recap dirty needles -resp hygiene/couch etiquette engineering controls -needless IVs, safety lancets

Question 40

when do we wash?

Answer 40

wash in and out of rooms before direct patient contact after direct contact w patient skin after contact w body fluids before putting on sterile gloves after removing gloves before procedures after touching patient surroundings

Question 41

when to use soap and water?

Answer 41

C. diff

Question 42

is PPE sterile?

Answer 42

no

Question 43

donning and doffing?

Answer 43

putting on: gown, mask, eyewear, gloves (pull over cuff of gown) taking off: gloves, gown, eyewear, mask

Question 44

N95 vs PPE?

Answer 44

N95- inhaled air PPE- exhaled air

Question 45

what to do if eyes/mouth are exposed?

Answer 45

rinse w continuous water for 5 mins

Question 46

what to do when standard precautions not enough?

Answer 46

transmission precautions (tier 2) *use in addition to standard

Question 47

transmission precautions?

Answer 47

contact airborne droplet

Question 48

contact based?

Answer 48

MRSA C diff

Question 49

droplet based?

Answer 49

influenza pertussis

Question 50

airborne based?

Answer 50

Covid TB measles chickenpox scabes

Question 51

room requirements for airborne?

Answer 51

negative pressure isolation *use N95

Question 52

mask for droplet precaution?

Answer 52

surgical mask- NOT N95

Question 53

what is a redzone?

Answer 53

need full PPE and respirator to enter

Question 54

isolation room patients suffer from?

Answer 54

depression anxiety fewer visits from staff increased adverse events

Question 55

medical asepsis

Answer 55

clean technique: hand washing, PPE

Question 56

surgical asepsis

Answer 56

operating room, labor/delivery areas anytime you penetrate skin (blood draws, injections, IV) invasive procedures, sterile dressings, central line dressings, urinary cath insertion

Question 57

disposal?

Answer 57

black: Rx waste orange: hazardous waste yellow: chemo waste blue: drain/sewer red but white box: sharps red: medical waste tan: general waste

Question 58

iatrogenic?

Answer 58

result from treatment of diagnostic procedures

Question 59

airborne?

Answer 59

fine particles that travel far

Question 60

droplet?

Answer 60

large particles