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Biological Psychology > Sleep > Flashcards

Sleep Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do we sleep: Most recent theory, one coloumbo likes

A

memory consolidation

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2
Q

EEG bands: How big a signal is/how many neurons?

A

Amplitude/power

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3
Q

EEG bands: how do neurons fire?

A

Frequency [Hz or cycles/sec]

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4
Q

Waking

A

Desynchronized, beta activity (high frequency, low amp)

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5
Q

Stage 1

A

Synchronized
Alpha - relax
Vertex spikes- sharp waves, indicate sleep onset
Slow heart rate, down muscle tension

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6
Q

Stage 2

A

Sleep spindles- small by condensed activity (high frequency)
K complexes- large gaps, slightly higher amp to transition to stage 3

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7
Q

If awakened during stages 1 or 2

A

deny asleep

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8
Q

Stage 3

A

SWS
Large amp, slow wave
Delta waves- high amp, low frequency
Synchronized

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9
Q

REM

A

Muscle relax
EEG like waking
High amp, high frequency

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10
Q

Delta

A

High amplitude
0.5-3 Hz
Stage 3 an SWS

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11
Q

Beta

A

Low amplitude
13-30 Hz
Waking

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12
Q

Gamma

A

30-100 Hz, very fast

Alzheimer’s connection

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13
Q

Sleep Spindles

A

Low Amplitude
12-14 Hz
Periodic bursts in stage 2

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14
Q

Alpha

A

Low amp
8-12 Hz
Stage 1/relaxed

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15
Q

Theta

A

4-7 Hz

Memory

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16
Q

What measures muscle tension?

A

Electromyography (EMG)

gone during REM, highest when awake

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17
Q

What measures Eye movement?

A

EOG: electrooculography

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18
Q

EEG shows that during NREM

A

synchronized brain waves

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19
Q

sensation and perception throughout sleep

A

Wake- external, present
NREM- absent
REM- internal, present

20
Q

Thought throughout sleep

A

Wake- logical, progressive
NREM- logical, preservative
REM- illogical, bizarre

21
Q

Movement throughout sleep

A

Wake- Continuous voluntary
NREM- Episodic involuntary
REM- commanded but inhibited

22
Q

When does recuperation occur?

A

NREM, growth hormone secretion

23
Q

Jenkins/Dallebbach’s odor memory task

A

Location of objects in computer game while exposed to odor. Expose to odor during REM, SWS, and waking.
SWS for memory consolidation around delta/theta.

24
Q

All general anesthetics increase ____ receptor signaling by acting as noncompetitive agonists.

A

GABA-A

Produce slow EEGs that look like SWS

25
Q

Sleep deprivation recovery trends

A

First night: more stage 3 sleep

Second night: greater REM intensity

26
Q

Basal Forebrain

A

SWS by GABA release
Stimulation: animals sleepy
Lesion: Insomnia
Induces sleep

27
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Activates forebrain into wake state
Stimulation: Wake/alert
Lesion: Constant sleep
Located in brainstem

28
Q

Subcoeruleus (Pons)

A

REM, inhibits motor neurons
Stimulation/cholinergic agonists: Prolong REM
Lesion: abolish REM

29
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Affects other regions, decides sleep/wake
Hypocretin NT, loss = narcolepsy, loss of muscle control
Cycling function: SWS vs. REM

30
Q

Bremmer’s isolations

A

cut below medulla - expected, SLEEP NOT DUE TO LACK OF INPUT

Midbrain transection- constant SWS, REM lower than midbrain.

31
Q

Current theorist say REM dream content is from

A

recent activity

32
Q

Theory: Restorative

A

Growth hormone during stages 3 and 4, gets rid of waste

Weak support, active people don’t need more sleep

33
Q

Theory: Conservation

A

SWS, use less energy when sleep

REM doesn’t

34
Q

Rhythms that occur 1+ x per day (ex: eating)

A

Ultradian

35
Q

Rhythms that occur less than 1x per day (ex: going to biopsych)

A

Infradian

36
Q

Erb Zucker’s experiment

A

Activity wheel on tracker
No light cues, cycle stays, but shifts a bit earlier

Where?: SCN
Evidence?
1. Lesions = random cycling
2. SCN in cell culture- vasopression release follows cycle
3. Tau gene rats- shorter cycles, animals match free running activity of donor SCN. Even if surrounded by polymer.
4. Squirrel monkey recordings

37
Q

How does the SCN get light info

A

Retinohypothalamic pathway

Retina goes to lateral geniculate nucleus, second projection to V1

38
Q

TEST QUESTION: Cut off retina to SCN, can you entrain light?

A

No light entrainment, rhythm stays but is free running

39
Q

TEST QUESTION: Cut off geniculate/V1, can you still entrain light?

A

Yes

40
Q

Retinal ganglion cell’s special pigment

A

melanopsin, most sensitive to blue light

41
Q

Pathway of SCN making rhythm

A
  1. Clock/cycle (aka Bmal1) make heterodimer
  2. Bind to promoters to genes per and cry
  3. Proteins Per and Cry
  4. Per and Cry come together (dimerize)
  5. Dimer inhibits gene expression
  6. Proteins naturally degraded by enzymes
    How is cycle entrained to light? Glutamate from retinal hypothalamic pathway that activates per production.
    Block Glutamate, free running.
42
Q

How does SCN work if all cells different?

A

Electrical synapses between cells

43
Q

KO Clock gene

A

Still normal rhythm with light, so either homodimer regulates it, or in it’s absence, glutamate can make up for it.

Rhythm with light cues, but not without?

44
Q

___ is replenished during sleep

___ low during sleep, peaks midday

A

Cortisol
Potassium
(Alertness low during sleep)

45
Q

__ spikes during SWS

__ has huge drop during sleep

A

Growth hormone

Temp

46
Q

Discussion Circannual rhythm

A

Siberian hamster- change color for winter, due to light not just temp.

Not SCN, but don’t know what thanks to Dr. Coloumbo

Biological Psychology (9 decks)

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