Sleep

Question 1

A state of diminished sensory responsivity:

Answer 1

Sleep

Question 2

Drowsiness is the ____, sleep is the ____.

Answer 2

Motivator, behaviour.

Question 3

_______ works by measuring large scale neural patterns via electrodes attached to the scalp:
(EEG, EOG, EMG)

Answer 3

Electroencephalography (EEGS)

Question 4

______ works by measuring the twitching of the eye muscles:
(EEG, EOG, EMG)

Answer 4

Electrooculogram (EOG)

Question 5

______ works by measuring electrical activity induced by muscles around the body:
(EEG, EOG, EMG)

Answer 5

Electromyography (EMG)

Question 6

According to R & K (1968), stage 1 sleep is characterised by light sleep and ____ activity:
(Delta, theta, beta)

Answer 6

Theta

Question 7

Sleep spindles and k-complexes are features of which stage of sleep, according to R & K (1968)?

Answer 7

Stage 2

Question 8

Slow-wave sleep (SWS) occurs at which stage of R & K’s (1968) sleep theory?

Answer 8

Stage 3

Question 9

Describe R & K (1968) stage 4 sleep:
a) SWS & deep light sleep
b) REM & theta waves
c) REM & delta waves
d) sleep spindles & k-complexes

Answer 9

c

Question 10

AASM (2000) sleep stage 1 is characterised by ____ waves:
Beta, theta, delta

Answer 10

Theta

Question 11

AASM (2000) sleep stage N2 is characterised by:
a) delta waves & k-complexes
b) sleep spindles & k-complexes
c) delta waves only
d) theta waves only

Answer 11

b

Question 12

AASM (2000) sleep stage N3 is equivalent to R & K’s (1968)…

Answer 12

Stage 3

Question 13

Slow-wave sleep (SWS) is a characteristic of N3 sleep, as described by the AASM (2000.) True or false?

Answer 13

False

(SWS is described by Stage 3 sleep; N3 sleep is described as “deep sleep.”)

Question 14

As stages progress, frequency ____:
(Increases, decreases, stays the same)

Answer 14

Decreases

Question 15

As stages progress, amplitude _____:
(Increases, decreases, stays the same)

Answer 15

Increases

Question 16

Why don’t we wake up to gentle stimuli during stage 2/N2 sleep?

Answer 16

K-complexes

Question 17

High frequency, low amplitude, cortical and SWRs are all features of:

Answer 17

Sleep spindles

Question 18

These are described as “bursts” of brain activity:

Answer 18

Sleep spindles

Question 19

The main benefit of sharp wave ripples (SWRs) is:

Answer 19

Memory consolidation

Question 20

Memory consolidation = sleep spindles + ______ oscillations:
(Theta, delta, beta)

Answer 20

Delta

Question 21

Frequent dreaming, increased activity in the ANS, V2 and V5 and alertness when awake are all features of:

Answer 21

REM

Question 22

What would be the result of stimulating the PFC during REM sleep?

Answer 22

Lucid dreaming

Question 23

_____ theories state that sleep restores homeostasis and energy levels.

Answer 23

Recuperation

Question 24

_____ theories state that we have an evolutionary and survival-driven need to sleep.

Answer 24

Adaptation

Question 25

Cognitive deficits, mood changes and tiredness are all effects of deprivation from sleep stages:
a) stage 3
b) stage 3/SWS/4
c) REM

Answer 25

b

Question 26

Efficient sleep is described as having a higher proportion of sleep stages ____ and REM:

Answer 26

Slow-wave sleep (SWS)

Question 27

The more hours of sleep we get, the better. True or false?

Answer 27

False

(Quality over quantity - even getting 6> hours of sleep in stage 3/4 can be enough for optimal rest.)

Question 28

Name the 2 main theories of sleep:

Answer 28

Synaptic homeostasis hypothesis; glymphatic drainage hypothesis

Question 29

A decrease in the size of axon-spine interface, post-synaptic dendritic spines and glutamate receptors are features of which theory of sleep?

Answer 29

The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis

Question 30

Which theory of sleep postulates that metabolic waste created during wakefulness is cleared out via CSF during sleep?

Answer 30

The glymphatic drainage hypothesis